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  • 1
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    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Chauvin, LA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16531 | 30 | 2015-03-30 17:02:26 | 16531 | Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This report reviews some of the natural ecological processes at work within a salt marsh as they relate to a spill of natural gas condensate - a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, and xylene. It also reviews the environmental impacts of some of the components of natural gas condensate as well as related compounds (crude oil, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarons - PAHs, linear alkyl-benzenes - LABs, etc.) on salt marsh ecosystems in southern Louisiana and elsewhere in the world. The behavior and persistence of these compounds once they have entered the environment is also considered.
    Description: A report to El Paso Energy, Inc., Houston, Texas. PDF includes front matter, 62 pages of text, 40 figures, and 9 tables.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 122
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1931-1935 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 82 (1913), S. 431-437 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 85 (1914), S. 214-216 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: If a solution of a fast-reacting diacid halide in a water-immiscible solvent is brought together with an aqueous solution of a diamine without stirring, a thin film of high polymer is formed at once at the interface. Polyurethanes and polyamides in. particular form tough films which can be grasped and pulled continuously from the interface as a folded rope of film. The unstirred interfacial polycondensation not only provides a dramatic demonstration of polymer formation but has permitted the observation of polymerization behavior and the study of the effects of many variables upon the process. The polymer-forming reactions proceed by nucleophilic displacement, and many have rate constants of at least 102-101 l. mole-1 sec.-1. Polymers derived from diamines were found to form in the organic solvent phase. Therefore the rate of polymer formation is controlled by the transfer of diamine from the aqueous phase. It is believed that the liquid interface does not have any beneficial orienting effect on the reactants but that it provides for the regulated flow of one reactant into an excess of the other. Furthermore, the aqueous phase provides for the removal of the interfering byproduct, hydrogen halide, from the polymerization site. Some of the interrelated variables which have been studied and which are discussed in relation to the physical mechanism are the solvent sensitivity of the polymer, partition coefficients of the reactants, reactant concentration, duration of the polymerization, and the addition of the monofunctional reactants, detergents, and salts. The formation of polyphenyl esters is discussed briefly.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 521-529 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interfacial polycondensation is a rapid, irreversible polymerization at the interface between water containing one difunctional intermediate and an inert immiscible organic solvent containing a complementary difunctional reactant. It is based on the Schotten-Baumann reaction in which acid chlorides are reacted with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms ( - OH,  - NH and  - SH). A large number of polymers (heat-sensitive and infusible as well as stable and meltable) can be prepared. The method has been applied to the preparation of polyurethanes, polyamides, polyureas, polysulfonamides, and polyphenyl esters. Interfacial polycondensations are run in simple, open laboratory equipment with or without stirring. With suitable agitation granular or powdered polymers with high molecular weight are prepared at room temperature and isolated within a few minutes. The intermediates need not be absolutely pure or in balance nor is a quantitative yield needed in order to obtain high polymer. The major variables in the interfacial polycondensation process are discussed and the laboratory techniques and principles are contrasted with melt polycondensation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 445-449 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 873-883 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: nutrient limitation ; bioenergetics ; thermophiles ; ethanol ; C. thermosaccharolyticum ; ATP ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fermentation of xylose by Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum was studied in batch and continuous culture in which the limiting nutrient was either xylose, phosphate, or ammonia. Transient results obtained in continuous cultures with batch grown inoculum and progressively higher feed substrate concentrations exhibited ethanol selectivities (moles ethanol/moles other products) in excess of 11. The hypothesis that this high ethanol selectivity was a general response to mineral nutrient limitation was tested but could not be supported. Growth and substrate consumption were related by the equation qs(1 - Yxc)GATP = (μ/YATPmax) + m, with qs the specific rate of xylose consumption (moles xylose/hour · g cells), Yxc the carbon based cell yield (g cell carbon/g substrate carbon), GATP the ATP gain (moles ATP produces/mol substrate catabolized), μ the specific growth rate (1/h), YATPmax the ATP-based cell yield (g cells/mol ATP), and m the maintenance coefficient (moles ATP/hour · g cells). YATPmax was found to be 11.6 g cells/mol ATP, and m 9.3 mol ATP/hour · g cells for growth on defined medium. Different responses to nutrient limitation were observed depending on the mode of cultivation. Batch and immobilized cell continuous cultures decreased GATP by initiating production of the secondary metabolites, propanediol, and in some cases, D-lactate; in addition, batch cultures increased the fractional allocation of ATP to maintenance and/or wastage. Nitrogen-limited continuous free-cell cultures maintained a constant cell yield, whereas phosphate-limited continuous free-cell cultures did not. In the case of phosphate limitation, the decreased ATP demand associated with the lowered cell yield was accompanied by an increased rate of ATP consumption for maintenance and/or wastage. Neither nitrogen or phosphorus-limited continuous free-cell cultures exhibited an altered GATP in response to mineral nutrient limitation, and neither produced secondary metabolites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: gas chromatography, helium ionization detector (HID) ; formaldehyde ; atmospheric oxygenates ; volatile organic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Two different gas chromatographic detectors, the helium ionization detector (HID) and the more commonly used flame ionization detector (FID), were used in parallel to compare their responses to a number of organic compounds. Atmospherically important oxygenated species were analyzed, as well as hydrocarbons and chlorinated and sulfur containing organics. The HID exhibited the better response to all compounds investigated, most notably to formaldehyde and higher oxygenates. A gas chromatographic system was developed to trap and analyze atmospheric organic compounds with HID detection. This required careful choice of the adsorbent material and removal of inorganic components (namely nitrogen and oxygen) before analysis. Real air samples were then taken and analyzed qualitatively for a range of olefinic and aromatic compounds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 761-764 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of the gibs free energy of corrosion reactions in aqueous mediaThe Gibbs free energy is the sum of some partial contributions, the most important of which can be calculated from the solubility constant of the solid corrosion product and the standard potential of the particular metal. Since these two quantities describe the position of heterogeneous ionic equilibria the author presents methods suitable for the investigation of sch equilibria. Depending on the standard state selected, i.e. pure water (or aqueous solutions at “infinite” dilution or solutions of inert salts of constant ionic strength) one obtains thermodynamic or stoichiometric equilibrium constants; with the latter it is possible to use, instead of activities, the respective concentrations. Using the system Zn/H2O/CO2 the author points out possible corrosion products and experimental methods. The methods used enable an approximately exact determination to be made of solubility constants and free energies of formation of simple stoichiometric corrosion products at room temperature, not, however, at higher temperatures or when corrosion products are present as solid solutions.
    Notes: Die Reaktionsarbeit ergibt sich als Summe von Teilberträgen, deren wichtigste aus der Löslichkeitskonstanten des festen Korrosionsproduktes und dem Normalpotential des jeweiligen Metalls berechnet werden können. Da diese beiden Größen die Lage heterogener Ionengleichgewichte beschreiben, werden die Methoden für derartige Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen dargestellt. Je nachdem, ob man reines Wasser (bzw. „unendlich“ verdünne wäßrige Lösungen) oder Inertsalzlösungen konstanter Ionenstärke als Standardzustand wählt, erhält man thermodynamische oder stöchiometrische Gleichgewichtskonstante; bei den letzten können statt der aktivitäten die Konzentrationen eingesetzt werden. Anhand des Beispiels Zn/H2O-CO2 werden die möglichen Korrosionsprodukte und Versuchsmethodik erlätert. Die verwendeten Methoden ermöglichen die annähernd exakte Bestimmung von Löslichketiskonstanten und Bildungsarbeiten einfacher stöchiometrischer Korrosionsprodukte bei Raumtemperatur, nicht jedoch bei höherer Temperatur und falls die Korrosionsprodukute als feste Lösungen anfallen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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