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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 41 (1997), S. 443-450 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We analyze the electrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of a nuclease from the pathogenic gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens using finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann methods for electrostatic calculations and a bead-model approach for diffusion coefficient calculations.Electrostatic properties are analyzed for the enzyme in monomeric and dimeric forms and also in the context of DNA binding by the nuclease. Our preliminary results show that binding of a double-stranded DNA dodecamer by nuclease causes an overall shift in the charge of the protein by approximately three units of elementary charge per monomer, resulting in a positively charged protein at physiologic pH. In these calculations, the free enzyme was found to have a negative (-1 e) charge per monomer at pH 7. The most dramatic shift in pKa involves His 89 whose pKa increases by three pH units upon DNA binding. This shift leads to a protonated residue at pH 7, in contrast to the unprotonated form in the free enzyme. DNA binding also leads to a decrease in the energetic distances between the most stable protonation states of the enzyme. Dimerization has no significant effect on the electrostatic properties of each of the monomers for both free enzyme and that bound to DNA.Results of hydrodynamic calculations are consistent with the dimeric form of the enzyme in solution. The computed translational diffusion coefficient for the dimer model of the enzyme is in very good agreement with measurements from light scattering experiments. Preliminary electrooptical calculations indicate that the dimer should possess a large dipole moment (approximately 600 Debye units) as well as substantial optical anisotropy (limiting reduced linear electric dichroism of about 0.3). Therefore, this system may serve as a good model for investigation of electric and hydrodynamic properties by relaxation electrooptical experiments. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-stage aerobic continuous process is suggested for the conversion of poultry waste into a single-cell protein (SCP) product. The technical feasibility of the process is examined in this paper. Using bench-scale apparatus the approximate growth kinetics have been discovered. Possible modes of product recovery have been examined. The product consists primarily of a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens which has a lysine-rich (∼9.3%) amino acid profile that could make this product an attractive feed ingredient for poultry diets.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wachstum und Gefüge von Oxidschichten auf einkristallinem (100) und polykristallinem Chrom zwischen 550 und 900 °CDie Oxidation von polykristallinem und (100)-Cr bei Temperaturen zwischen 550 und 900°C und Sauerstoffbrücken zwischen 5 × 10-3 und 5 × 10-1 torr (bei Verwendung von Oberflächenvorbehandlungen, welche die ausschließliche Bildung von festhaftendem einheitlichem, porenfreiem polykristallinem α-Cr2O3 gewährleisten) folgt langzeitig einem parabolischen Zeitgesetz mit einer Aktivierungsenergie von etwa 51 kcal mol-1. Die durch aufeinanderfolgende Oxidation in 18O2 und 16O2 erzeugten Oxidschichten konnten mittels polyatomarer SIMS analysiert werden, so daß das Ausmaß des Sauerstofftransports in den wachsenden Oxidschichten und der Wachstumsmechanismus geklärt werden konnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß der dominierende Wachstumsmechanismus der Kationentransport nach außen ist und nur ein kleiner, jedoch nicht zu vernachlässigender Transport an Sauerstoff entlang der Oxidkorngrenzen nach innen erfolgt. Etwa 1% des Oxids entsteht innerhalb der Zunderschicht durch diese Diffusion nach innen. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten von Sauerstoff waren um mehrere Größenordnungen höher als die Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten des Sauerstoffs in Cr2O3, doch waren sie immer noch weitaus zu niedrig, um die beobachteten Oxidationsgeschwindigkeiten erklären zu können.
    Notes: The oxidation of polycrystalline and (100) Cr at temperatures from 550-900°C and 5 × 10-3 to 5 × 10-1 torr oxygen pressure, choosing surface pretreatments such that only adherent, uniform, pore-free polycrystalline α-Cr2O3 is produced, show long term parabolic growth kinetics with an activation energy ∽ 51 kcal mol-1. Oxide layers, produced by sequential oxidation in 18O2 and 16O2, were suitable for the application of polyatomic SIMS to elucidate the extent of oxygen transport in the growing oxides and the mechanism for their growth. The data show that the predominant growth mechanism is by outward cation transport, with a small yet significant amount of inward oxygen diffusion down oxide grain boundaries. ∽ 1% of the oxide is created within the film as a result of this inward diffusion. Oxygen diffusion coefficients were found to be orders of magnitude higher than oxygen self diffusion coefficients in Cr2O3 but much too low to account for the observed oxidation rates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 52-53 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Instrumentation in gas chromatography ; Capillary Injector ; Injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein gemeinsamer Ansatz: Isotopische Exposition/SIMS-Analyse/REM zur Untersuchung des Anfangsstadiums der Oxidation von β-NiAL bei 1473 KDas Anfangsstadium der Oxidation von β-NiAl wurde bei 1473 K an unmodifiziertem Material und nach Y-Implantation untersucht. Hierzu wurde die 16O/18O-Zwei-Stufen-Oxidation in Kombination mit hochauflösender Sekundärionenmassenspektrometrie (SIMS) sowie Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) eingesetzt. Es zeigt sich, daß die gebildeten Oxidschichten hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung und des Gefüges nicht homogen sind. Deswegen war es erforderlich, analytische Methoden (SIMS und REM) mit sehr hoher Ortsauflösung bei höchstmöglicher Empfindlichkeit zu verwenden. Dadurch konnten die unterschiedlichen Wachstumsmechanismen in den einzelnen Bereichen der Oxidschicht auf den beiden verschiedenen Substrattypen identifiziert werden.
    Notes: The early oxidation stages of unmodified and yttrium-implanted β-NiAl have been studied at 1473 K using sequential isotopic exposure (so-called two-stage oxidation) combined with low and high resolution SIMS analysis and SEM characterization.The scales growing on unmodified material comprised typically a cracked morphology with oxide ridges growing outward from the cracks. Some ridges were formed at the reaction temperature during the first oxidation stage and continued growing during the second stage. This resulted in a network of ridges on the outer surface of the scale.Two regions: non-cracked areas and cracked round patches were observed in the scale on yttrium-implanted β-NiAl. No ridges but thin lace-like oxide was formed in cracks and round particles extruded from some crack centres. No network was formed by the lace-like oxide. Inward oxygen transport contributed significantly to the overall matter transport in the patches, while its contribution in the remaining scale was much less pronounced. The very thin outermost layer of most patches was enriched in Cr, which was present at a level of ca. 90 ppm only in the starting material. This finding is discussed in terms of the effect of Cr on the phase transformation of unstable aluminas into the stable β-Al2O3.The results showed that the scales were inhomogeneous regarding both composition and microstructure. Therefore, only analytical methods having respectable sensitivity and resolution might be used to give reliable information regarding the growth mechanisms of scales. This applies to SIMS as well as to the electron microscopy methods.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 217-221 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Novel scan routines, termed ‘multiple-scan monitoring’ cycles, have been developed for the rapid sequential acquisition of data from two or more scan types using ion-trap mass spectrometry. These cycles allow data to be acquired from multiple-scan functions with a cycle time compatible with combined chromatography/mass spectrometry and other sample introduction methods. Multiple-scan monitoring is illustrated for the measurement of the components of a test mixture, and for the determination of sulphamethazine and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 218-221 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A specific high-performance liquid chromatographic/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric assay for the quantitative determination of tenidap and its D3 analog in human serum is described. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1-25 μg ml-1. Its precision for the two analytes over the range was 17% or better. The assay validity and its utility to investigate changes in tenidap bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics are presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography using a short packed column (45 cm, 0.2 cm i.d., 2% OV-101 on Gas-Chrom Q) with mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode has been found satisfactory for the analysis of lower as well as higher polybrominated biphenyls. Acceptable sensitivity (〈1 ng) may be achieved for this method by focusing selectively at either the low (m/z 20-600) or the high (m/z 600-1000) range of the quadrupole filter (low range for mono- through hexabromobiphenyl, high range for hexa- through decabromobiphenyl). A tuning technique has been developed for low range and high range polybrominated biphenyls using the ion abundances of perfluorotributylamine as a standard. Standard ions for the quantitation of mono- through decabromobiphenyls were selected and validated. The technique was applied to the analysis of a variety of environmental samples.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a study to make a comparative analysis of selected halogenated compounds in man and the environmental media, a quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the levels of the halogenated compounds found in the breath, blood and urine of an exposed population (Old Love Canal area, Niagara, New York) and their immediate environment (air and water) was undertaken. In addition, levels of halogenated hydrocarbons in air samples taken in the general Buffalo, Niagara Falls area were determined.
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