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  • Chemistry  (20)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um den Initiierungsmechanismus der Polymerisation von Acrylamid durch Cer(IV)-Salz zu klären, wurde die Komplexverbindung von Cer(IV)-Salz mit Acrylamid und seinen methylierten Derivaten mittels IR- und NMR-Spektrometrie untersucht. Der Zerfall des Komplexes wurde durch Messung der Geschwindigkeit des Verbrauchs von Cer(IV)-Ionen verfolgt. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, daß der Sauerstoff des Acrylamids zur Komplexierung mit Cer-Ionen koordiniert und daß ein Radikal durch Abspaltung eines Wasserstoffatoms der Amidgruppe des Komplexes entsteht und so die Polymerisation initiert wird.
    Notes: In order to elucidate the initiation mechanism of the polymerization of acrylamide by ceric salt, the complexation of ceric salt with acrylamide and its methylated derivatives was investigated by IR and NMR spectrometry. The decomposition of the complex was also studied by determining the rate of ceric salt consumption. From the results it was concluded that the oxygen of acrylamide coordinates with the ceric ion to form the complex and that a radical is produced by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the amide group of the molecule to initiate the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by ferric salt and thiourea in dimethyl sulfoxide solution was studied. By the substitution of hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl group in the thiourea, the rate of the polymerization decreases. The logarithm of the rate is proportional to the σ* value of Taft's equation. The results are discussed on the basis of the IR and NMR data. It was confirmed that the polymerization is initiated by a radical produced by the reaction of the ferric ion with the isothiourea which is formed from the thiourea by tautomerization. The termination of the polymerization is also discussed based on the results of kinetic studies with different kinds and concentrations of the ferric salt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by the system diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN)/copper ion/carbon tetrachloride was investigated. The polymerization requires the presence of these three components, and both the cupric and the cuprous ion are suitable. The initial rate of polymerization with the cuprous ion is greater than that with the cupric ion. The cuprous ion was detected in both systems. It is considered that the cupric ion is reduced to the cuprous ion by DAMN, and the cuprous ion takes part in the initiation of the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Homopolymer of 2-methyl-N-vinylimidazole and copolymer of the monomer with acrylamide were coupled with some aromatic diazonium compounds to give polymeric azo dyes. The dyestuff prepared from the homopolymer was soluble in water only when it was coupled with diazonium component containing sulfonic acid group, but the dyestuffs prepared from the copolymer were soluble. The reactivity, chemical structure, color, and dyeability of the polymeric dyes are discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. The color fastness of the polymeric dyes was found to be in a high class; the rubbing and dry-cleaning fastness were especially excellent.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1972), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde in Anwesenheit von Eisen(III)-Nitrat untersucht. Eisen(III)-Nitrat ist als Inhibitor bekannt. Wir fanden jedoch, daß die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit mit zunehmender Konzentration von Eisen(III)-Nitrat im Bereich unter 1,0·10-3 mol·l-1 zunimmt. Es gilt folgende Beziehung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm R}_{\rm p} = {\rm k}[{\rm Fe}({\rm NO}_3 )_3 ]^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} [{\rm methylmetharcrylat}]^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} .$$\end{document} Eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Methylmethacrylat und Eisen(III)-Ionen zeigt sich in den Absorptionsspektren im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich. Der Effekt tritt deutlicher bei der C=O-Absorptionsbande als bei der C=C-Bande in Erscheinung. Anscheinend wird das Eisen(III)-Salz am Sauerstoff der Carbonylgruppe koordiniert. Die Polymerisation verläuft nach einem radikalischen Mechanismus und wird wahrscheinlich durch die Dissoziationsprodukte des Komplexes gestartet. Bei der Copolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat und Styrol sowie von Methylmethacrylat und Methacrylamid wurde kein Einfluß des Eisen(III)-Salzes auf die Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren festgestellt. Eisen(III)-Salz initiiert, wenn es in niedrigen Konzentrationen vorliegt, die Polymerisation; liegt es in höheren Konzentrationen vor, so wirkt es als Inhibitor.
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of ferric nitrate was studied. In spite of the conventional concept that the ferric salt is an inhibitor, the rate of polymerization was found to increase with increasing concentration of ferric nitrate in the range below 1.0·10-3 mole·1-1, and is represented by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm R}_{\rm p} = {\rm k}[{\rm Fe}({\rm NO}_3 )_3 ]^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} [{\rm methyl\ metharcrylate}]^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} .$$\end{document} An interaction between methyl methacrylate and ferric salt was detected by means of visible and infrared absorption spectra. As the effect of ferric salt shows up in the C=O band rather than C=C band, the ferric salt is considered to coordinate to the oxygen of the carbonyl group of methyl methacrylate to form a complex. The polymerization reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism, and probably is initiated by the decomposition of the complex. On the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene and methacrylamide, no effect of ferric salt is observed with respect to the compositions of the resulting copolymers. It is considered that the ferric salt initiates the polymerization only within a range of its lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, the ferric salt terminates the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 39 (1974), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polyelektrolyt-Eigenschaften von Polyacrylhydrazid wurden mit Hilfe der potentiometrischen Titration untersucht; der Mechanismus der vom Kupfer-Chelat-Komplex des Polyacrylhydrazids initiierten Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren wurde erörtert. Es zeigt sich, daß das auf dem Chelatpolymeren adsorbierte Monomere durch Hydrazidradikale am Chelatpolymeren initiiert wurde. Die Polymerisation hängt von der chemischen Struktur des Monomeren ab.
    Notes: The polyelectrolyte-properties of polyacrylic hydrazide were studied by means of potentiometric titration, and the mechanism of polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by the copper(II)-chelate of polyacrylic hydrazide was discussed. It was considered that the monomer adsorbed at the chelate-polymer is initiated to polymerize by the hydrazide radical of the chelate-polymer. The chemical structure of the monomer was found to bear an important relation to the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 23 (1972), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Effekt von Hydrazinhydrat auf die thermischen Eigenschaften von Polyvinylalkohol untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Instabilität von Polyvinylalkohol gegen Wärme vom Vorhandensein von Carbonylgruppen in der Polymerkette herrührt, und daß Hydrazin durch Verbindung mit den Carbonylgruppen die Polymeren bei der Wärmebehandlung gegen Autoxidierung und Dehydrierung schützt. Hydrazinhydrat ist geeignet, Verfärbungen von Polyvinylalkohol bei der Wärmebehandlung um 200°C zu vermeiden, wenn der Carbonylgruppengehalt nicht zu hoch ist. Die Eigenschaften des käuflichen Polyvinylalkohols konnen also durch einfache Behandlung mit Hydrazinhydrat verbessert werden.
    Notes: The effect of hydrazine hydrate on the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol was investigated. It was proved that the presence of carbonyl groups in the polymer chain is responsible for the thermal instability of polyvinyl alcohol, and that hydrazine combines with the carbonyl group to protect the polymer against autoxidation and dehydration on the heat-treatment. Hydrazine hydrate was suitable for prevention of colouring of polyvinyl alcohol on heating at about 200°C unless the carbonyl content is too high. Commercial polyvinyl alcohol was thus improved in the properties by the simple treating with hydrazine hydrate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 25 (1972), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyacrylsäurechlorid wurde mit Aminonaphtholsulfonsäure umgesetzt, um ein polymeres Zwischenprodukt zu ergeben, woraus durch Kupplung mit einem aromatischen Diazoniumsalz der entsprechende Azofarbstoff hergestellt wurde. Die Löslichkeit der polymeren Azofarbstoffe in Wasser hängt hauptsächlich von der Zahl der Sulfonsäuregruppen in der Polymerkette ab. Die Farbe der polymeren Azofarbstoffe war verhältnisrnäßig mannigfaltig. Copolymere am Acrylsäurechlorid und Methylmethacrylat wurden mit aminogruppenhaltigen Farbstoffen zu polymeren Farbstoffen umgesetzt. Die funktionelle Farbstoffgruppe wird so durch Einbau in die Makromoleküle der Acrylpolymeren festgehalten.
    Notes: Polyacrylic chloride was reacted with aminonaphthol sulfonic acid to give a polymeric intermediate, from which the corresponding dyestuff was prepared by coupling with an aromatic diazonium salt. The water-solubility of the polymeric azo dye was found to depend mainly on the number of sulfonic groups in the molecular chain, and the colouring of dye was comparatively rich in variety. A copolymer of acrylic chloride with methyl methacrylate was directly reacted with a dyestuff containing amino groups to give a polymeric dye. In the molecular chain of those polymeric dyes, the functional structure of the dyestuff was kept by its incorporation to the acrylic polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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