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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruptive processes in the shear crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of samples of poly(ethylene oxide) of varying molecular weights and molecular weight distributions has been studied under varying conditions of shear rate and temperature. These experiments have been carried out in two devices. One is a shearing parallel-plate instrument that allows direct observation of the crystallizing medium. The other is a shearing concentric-cylinder dilatometer. In general, shear enhanced the rates of crystallization and nucleation. However, conditions were encountered under which shear retarded crystallization and/or nucleation. Combination of the data from these two devices suggests that, under certain shearing and sample conditions, chain slippage and particle fracture lead to decreased apparent rates of nucleation and/or crystallization.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions in the mass spectrometry of a hydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 715-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A hydride Meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (TNTH-) was synthesized using tetramethylammonium octahydroborate. TNT and TNTH- (as the tetramethylammonium salt) were analyzed by direct exposure probe mass spectrometry using electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI) and negative-ion chemical ionization (NCI). For further identification, the ions of the mass spectra were investigated using tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (CID). Although the EI mass spectra of both compounds were similar, the CID mass spectra of the ions at m/z 227 (M+ of TNT) of the two compounds showed large differences in daughter ion abundances. A major difference between the two compounds also appeared in their CI methane mass spectra. Two abundant ions, at m/z 183 and 198, appeared only in the CI mass spectrum of TNNH-. CID parent ion scans showed that the origin of these two ions was not the m/z 227 ion. We suggest that these ions are formed by chemical reactions of the complex on the surface of the heated probe tip, followed by ionization. These reactions, probably a reduction process forming m/z 198 and hydrolysis forming m/z 183, occur preferentially in TNTH-, the already reduced form of TNT. Formation of the ions at m/z 183 and 198 was also observed in the liquid chromatography particle beam CI mass spectrum of TNTH-.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300510
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