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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 573-575 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die elektrochemische Reduktion von Acrylnitril werden unter Berücksichtigung der bekannten experimentellen Ergebnisse, besonders durch Diskussion des Produktkriteriums, die mßoglichen Reaktionsmechanismen erörtert. Es wird eine Reaktionsfolge aus 6 Stufen für die Bildung von Adipinsäuredinitril, aus 5 Stufen für Propionsäurenitril und aus (6 + n) Stufen für Polyacrylnitril vorgeschlagen. Einer der Reaktionsschritte, der mit den üblichen Vorstellungen schwer verständlich ist, läßt sich durch eine neue Arbeitshypothese über die Struktur der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht und ihre Bedeutung im Reaktionsablauf erklären.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 17 (1981), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydroxyl protons of 23 monosaccharides in their pyranoid from (α or β) are examined by proton NMR at 250 MHz in DMSO-d6 solutions. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in sugar anions seems to be the major factor in accounting for the lack of parallelism between the pK values and the chemical shifts of the anomeric protons. Another important factor is the possibility of steric hindrance to the solvation of the acidic hydroxyls by the basic DMSO solvent molecules. Equatorial hydroxyls have, as a general rule, lower field chemical shifts (with some exceptions) and larger vicinal H—O—C—H coupling constants, 3J, than axial hydroxyls. Moreover, equatorial hydroxyls are sensitive to the equatorial or axial position of their neighbours, in sharp contrast with axial hydroxyls. Long-range 4J couplings are observed whenever a zig-zag arrangement but a necessary condition is a simultaneous axial position of the O—H and C—H bonds in the above fragment. In this case, the combined use of vicinal (Karplus-type equation) and long-range coupling constants allows the description of the stereochemistry of the OH bond in a semiquantitative fashion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As a consequence of previous cellulose research work, the following conclusion has been drawn: it is the progressive decomposition of kerogene which is responsible for the simultaneous formation in nature of petroleum and old coals. Further experiments in this work are described. Lignin and wood, were submitted to conditions similar to those of cellulose, previously described. The following results were found after heating 10 hr. in alkaline solution at 275°C. Lignin of per cent composition C 63, H 6.3, O, 30.7, gives, for 21% of its own weight, the reduced product: C 62.6, H 9.7, O 27.7, or C 72.4, H 8.6, O 19 + 0.55 H2O. The same lignin in pure water gives for 9.8% of its weight, the reduced product: C 60.3, H 11.27; O 28.4 (or C 73.87; H 9.75; O 16.4 + 0.75 H2O). Oakwood of composition C 49, H 6.2, O 44.8 gives in alkaline medium for 29.5% of its weight the reduced product: experiment I, C 61, H 7.85, O 34; experiment III, C 64.2, H 7.85, O 27.9 (or C 75, H 9.15, O 17 + 10 (0)). Cellulose C 44.4, H 6.19, O 49. 41 gives for 14.8% of its weight the reduced product: C 73.5, H 10.2, O 16.3 (C12-H20O2). Kerogene: C 75, H 8.6, O 16,4.
    Notes: A la suite de recherches précédentes sur la cellulose, la conclusion suivante avait été proposée: c'est la décomposition progressive du kérogène qui, dans les conditions de la nature, aurait produit à la fois: les pétroles d'une part et, d'autre part, les houilles anciennes. La présente communication décrit la suite des měmes recherches expérimentales. Elle porte sur la lignine et sur le bois, soumis à leur tour à des conditions similaires à celles auxquelles fut soumise la cellulose. On a trouvé que, dans ces conditions (chauffage par exemple pendant 10 h à 275°C en solution alcaline): (a) Une lignine de composition centésimale: C 63; H 6,3; O 30,7 - traitée en milieu alcalin à 275°C, produit, pour 21% de son poids, une matière réduite de composition: C 62,6; H 9,7; O 27,7 ou: C 72,4; H 8,6; O 19 + 0,55 H2O. (b) La měme lignine, traitée dans l'eau pure, produit pour 9,8% de son poids, une matière réduite de composition: C 60,3; H 11,27; O 28,4 (ou C 73,87; H 9,75; O 16,4 + 0,75 H2O). Un bois de chěne de composition: C 49; H 6,2; O 44,8, produit en milieu alcalin, pour 29,5% de son poids une matière réduite de composition: Essai I: C 61; H 7,85; O 34; Essai III: C 64,2; H 7,85; O 27,9 ou D 75; H 9,15; O 17 + 10 atomes d'oxygène fixés par oxydation accidentelle au cours des manipulations. La cellulose de composition: C 44,4; H 6,19; O 49,41, avait donné pour 14,8% de son poids, un produit réduit de decomposition: C 73.5; H 10,2; O 16,3 (C12H20O2). Composition type du Kérogène: C 75; H 8,6; O 16,4.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 461-466 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated metal-Al2O3 bonding by AES (Auger electron spectroscopy), EELS (energy electron loss spectroscopy) and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The metal-alumina interfaces were formed by in situ vapour deposition and we studied the early stages of metal condensation for Pd, Ni, Cr and Zn at room temperature on well-defined (0001) and (1012) sapphire surfaces. Depending on the treatment, these surfaces exhibit different electronic structures. Upon increasing the metal coverage, new electronic features appear, which point out the role of surface defects (oxygen vacancies, dangling bonds, etc.) during the formation of the first metal monolayer.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 247 (1888), S. 99-111 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 214-215 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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