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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ToF SIMS study of the desorption of emulsifiers from polystyrene latexes (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The desorption of emulsifiers from the particle surface of polystyrene latexes prepared by emulsion polymerization has been studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF SIMS). Two polystyrene latexes prepared with respectively sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate as emulsifiers were compared. It has been shown that the quasi-molecular, parent ions and the characteristic fragments of the emulsifiers can easily be observed in positive and negative ToF SIMS. But these ions are more sensitive in the negative mode. The results have shown that after extensive purification with mixed-bed ion-exchange resins, the emulsifier was totally absent on the latex prepared with sodium dodecyl sulphate and that only traces of the emulsifier exist on the latex prepared with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate. These results suggest that strong acid emulsifiers can be desorbed by mixed-bed ion-exchange resins.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210611
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS. Part II: Comparison between different quantitative approaches for two different spectrometers - determination of the contamination-reduced thickness, application of the determined transmission functions and accuracy achievedPresented at the Seventh International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, 8-11 September 1992. (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first principles model (FPM) has been compared with other quantitative approaches by using many standard samples. As a first step, the applicability of the theoretical dependence of IC 1s/ICKVV on the reduced thickness (x) of a hydrocarbon surface contamination layer was checked and shown to be approximately correct only in the middle range of x. A semi-empirical relation between IC 1s/ICKVV and x has been developed. The advantage of this relation over that previously developed in the literature is that the transmission function of our spectrometer is well characterized. The reduced thickness calculated using this semi-empirical relation has been shown to be close to the real value. The comparison of atomic ratios calculated using these quantitative approaches has shown that the best approach is the FPM. For the samples investigated in this work, the introduction of the anisotropy parameter L is not necessary: in most cases, the influence of L is smaller than the observed errors; and in certain cases where the difference of L values is large, more consistent results are obtained when L is ignored. The FPM approach provides consistent results not only when an inter-comparison is made between different spectrometers but also when, within a given machine, the analysis conditions are varied. The accuracy of this approach is relatively good (with errors 〈15%) and holds true even when comparing peaks separated by more than 1000 eV. Finally, the comparison of results obtained with different previously determined transmission functions has allowed us to test the applicability of the methods used for the determination of these transmission functions (see Part I).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of cyclosporins (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 684-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The cylic undecapeptides cyclosporin (Csp) A, CspD and dihydro CspC (HCspC) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/thermospray-mass spectrometry (HPLC/TSP-MS) on line with 1-2 pmol injected on column. Mass spectra were characterized by signals corresponding to the [M + H]+ ion as well as fragment ions derived from he loss of 112 (CspA and CspD) or 44, 114 and 114+44 (HCspC) mass units from the parent ion. The same qualitative profile was observed for negative-ion acquisition where the ions were formed by proton abstraction. The application of the technique to the characterization of CspA and its major hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites in human blood samples is presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network fraction and molecular motions in polymer composites: An NMR relaxation and self-diffusion study (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 503-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have used NMR T2 relaxation and pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusion techniques to study properties of Arco R45M hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, either unfilled or containing 65 wt.% filler particles (SiO2, NaCl, Al) and cured with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), as functions of IPDI content. A short T2 relaxation component arises from the network (gel) whose amount is greatest (up to 92%) near NCO/OH stoichiometry. Gel fraction and stoichiometry concentration both are affected slightly by filler surface reactivity but principally by filler particle size. The diffusion rate of the nonnetwork (sol) molecules has a range of 1-2 orders of magnitude. This range is narrowest near stoichiometry for the smallest filler (SiO2), i.e., the situation in which the sol molecules are least mobile. Branching theory and the hypothesis of a layer of reduced mobility in a wide vicinity of the filler particles provides semiquantitative explanations of these observations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of bond thickness on adhesive failure (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 114-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analytical, numerical and experimental program is described which establishes the basic fracture mechanics properties of an adhesive joint. A finite element analysis of a homogeneous finite tapered double cantilever beam is first presented and the results compared with elasticity and strength of materials solutions. Using analytical results developed in another paper, a finite bond line thickness correction factor is introduced to determine the crack tip stress intensity factor as a function of crack length. An experimental program is described wherein the crack tip stress intensity factor for the cantilever beam adhesive joint is measured by the compliance method and the results compared with those obtained by analytical and numerical methods. Finally, the critical value of the adhesive crack tip stress intensity factor is determined using the analytical and experimental techniques presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of plasticers in skin and glandular extracts of the green tree frog Litoria splendida (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 400-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Skin and glandular secretions of the green tree frog Litora splendida contain a mixture of the plasticers di-octyl phthalate and di-octyl adipate. The fast-atom bombardment mass spwectra of the plasticers are described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemical degradation of glassy polyesters of low softening point (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 611-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The photodegradation of polyesters prepared by the reaction of o-phthalic, adipic, and “dimer” acids with ethylene glycol has been studied. The polyesters softened at temperatures in the range of 25-50°C. Polymer films were irradiated in air by means of a medium pressure mercury lamp and the extent of formation of COOH groups determined by infrared spectroscopy. The films were also irradiated in vacuo and in air by means of a high-pressure mercury lamp, and the volatile products, consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, were determined by gas chromatography.The results are interpreted in terms of simultaneous Norrish type I and type II decompositions of the polyesters. The type I process accounts for the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the absence of air. The enhanced yield of carbon dioxide in irradiations performed in air is ascribed to the formation of hydroperoxide which undergoes further photolysis. The type II process accounts for the formation of COOH groups. The photodegradation of these glassy polyesters parallels that of crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is relatively unaffected by changes in composition of the aromatic polyester.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210303
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three stable (PhenylC7H6-) isomers (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 344-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stable PhC7H6- isomers may be formed by deprotonation of diphenylmethane, phenylcycloheptatriene and 7-phenylnorbornadiene. Each species has a characteristic fragmentation pattern - the elucidation of which is aided by deuterium-labelling studies. There is no evidence of interconversion of the three species.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290031007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of both linkage position and anomeric configuration in underivatized glucopyranosyl disaccharides by electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 1277-1283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry was used to determine directly both glycosidic linkage position and anomeric configuration in the complete glucopyranosyl disaccharide series without the need for derivatization or tandem mass analysis. A series of empirical criteria were developed which first differentiate between the linkage positions and then the anomeric configurations using selected diagnostic peaks and their relative intensities. The use of standard mass spectral library searching methods for structural analysis was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300911
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS. Part I: Experimental determination of the relative analyser transmission function of two different spectrometers  -  a critical assessment of various methods, parameters involved and errors introducedPresented at the Seventh International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, 8-11 September 1992. (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The relative analyser transmission functions of two different XPS spectrometers (VG ESCA-3 Mk II and SSI X-Probe of Fisons) have been determined experimentally by several methods presented in the literature. The transmission function of the VG ESCA-3 Mk II can be expressed as T ∝ Ea(Ea/Ek)n, where n is close to 0.8. The transmission function T of the SSI X-Probe cannot be presented as a separate function of Ea and Ek and it is expressed as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ T \propto \,\,E_{\rm a} (E_{\rm a} /E_{\rm k})^n,\,{\rm where}\,\,n = 0.5594\, + \,0.6072\,\log (E_{\rm a} /E_{\rm k})\, + \,0.3309\,\log ^2 (E_{\rm a} E_{\rm k}) $$\end{document}The possible influence of the efficiency D of the detector on the determined transmission functions is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods used are pointed out, together with their limitations and potential applications. The results show that some methods can only be applied to spectrometers such as the VG ESCA-3 Mk II in which n is a constant or depends only on Ek. The method proposed by Hemminger et al. [Surf. Interface Anal. 15, 323 (1990)] has been shown to be applicable to both spectrometers but a systematic error can be introduced when D is not constant. Such a systematic error can be reduced by another method but this method can only be applied to spectrometers in which the transmission function is known for a given analyser energy.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200302
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