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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • ultrafine iron oxide catalyst  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Impact of potassium and zirconium promoters on the activity and structure of an ultrafine iron oxide catalyst (1995)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 2 (1995), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Fischer-Tropscb synthesis ; ultrafine iron oxide catalyst ; Mössbauer ; XRD ; BET ; pretreatment ; promoters ; iron carbides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was conducted with an ultrafine iron oxide catalyst promoted with either 0.5 at% K or 1.0 at% Zr or both. Pretreatment in CO yielded higher conversions and a more stable catalyst than activation in hydrogen or synthesis gas. Hydrogen pretreatment of K promoted catalysts and synthesis gas activation in general were less effective. Mössbauer spectroscopy and XRD showedχ-Fe5C2 and ε′-Fe2.2C were formed during pretreatment in CO and did not depend on promoters present. Catalysts pretreated in H2 were reduced to metallic Fe and Fe3O4; promotion with K and Zr decreased the extent of reduction. Hydrogen pretreated catalysts, promoted with K, lost surface area and carbided rapidly under synthesis conditions. Activation in synthesis gas reduced all catalysts to Fe3O4. Subsequent synthesis did not affect the phase present for the unpromoted and Zr promoted catalysts while those promoted with K formed χ-Fe5C2 and ε′-Fe2.2C. It is concluded that pretreatment type is more important to the catalyst activity during the early period of synthesis than the impact of promotion with K and/or Zr and that changes in the bulk composition of iron catalysts do not necessarily correlate with changes in activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01491951
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A statistical procedure to evaluate clean-up standards (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 5 (1991), S. 249-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Asymptotic power ; Clean-up standard ; Gamma distribution ; Likelihood ratio test ; Uniformly most powerful unbiased test ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The object of this paper is to develop a suitable statistical procedure to evaluate clean-up standards at hazardous waste sites. Under the assumptions that contaminant masses at a site follow a gamma distribution and that the data from the pre-remediation baseline sample as well as from the interim or final sample taken after a certain period of operation are both distributed as gamma with the same shape parameter but different scale parameters, we derive a uniformly most powerful unbiased test of the hypothesis that a specified percentage of contaminant mass has been reduced. A large-sample approximation of the exact test procedure and a comparison with the likelihood ratio test are provided.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180050312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of photo-oxidation products of toluene by medium resolution atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290020806
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