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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of random hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymers of styrene and D-lactose-O-vinylbenzylhydroxime (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2971-2978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: styrene ; amphiphilic copolymer ; solution polymerization ; copolymerization ; solubility ; thermostability ; radical polymerization ; polymeric surfactant ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: D-Lactose-O-(vinylbenzyl)oxime (LVO), prepared from α-D-lactose and [O-(vinylbenzyl)oxy]amine (1) was copolymerized with styrene (ST) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-toluene (1 : 1, v/v) at 65°C using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The polymerization was rapid when using AIBN as the initiator. The resultant copolymers were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, viscometry, TGA, DSC, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The poly(ST-co-LVO) had an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0.11-0.51 dL/g in DMSO at 30°C. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the molecular weight of the resulting polymers ranged from 2.11 × 104 to 6.53 × 107 with low polydispersities. The solubility of the copolymers with different monomer compositions in solvents of varied polarities was also studied. Incorporation of up to 65% (mol %) of lactose-based monomer onto polystyrene backbone led to a water-soluble polymer. Thermal behavior of the synthesized copolymers was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and correlated very well with the polymer composition. Introduction of a pendant disaccharide compromised the thermal stability of the copolymer. The synthetic approach described in this report provides a route to prepare a novel disaccharide surfactant polymer with well-defined structures and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances, by adjusting feed ratio of the lactose-based monomer (1) to styrene. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2971-2978, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computing multiple solutions to systems of interlinked separation columns (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 886-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Globally convergent homotopy continuation methods have been used successfully to find multiple solutions to systems of nonlinear equations used to model multicomponent, multistage separation processes. However, the solutions were achieved by using a multitude of different starting points. This paper describes a procedure for finding all or some solutions of the nonlinear equation system from just one starting point. A reliable algorithm, which utilizes a deflated decomposition technique to overcome the turning-point problem, an efficient procedure to estimate step sizes, and variable mapping functions to prevent failure when computing physical properties, is developed to follow the homotopy path. The Jacobian matrix is retained as a special structure in all calculation steps. The algorithm has found, from one starting point, all the real roots of the interlinked separation system studied by Chavez et al. (1986). Two additional examples, including one optimization problem and one constrained nonlinear equation system, are presented to illustrate other applications of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330603
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and water absorbency of the copolymer of acrylamide with anionic monomers (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1533-1538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of novel copolymer superabsorbents based on acrylamide, sodium allylsulfonate, sodium acrylate, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide were prepared by copolymerization. The resulting superabsorbents have a fast swelling rate. The experimental results show that absorbency increases to a maximum as the cross-linking increases, but an excess of cross-linking leads to a swelling decrease. Their water retention was observed at pressures of 1-10 kg/cm2 and temperatures of 60 and 100°C, respectively. The water retention of soil has been enhanced by using the poly(acrylamide-sodium allysulfonate-sodium acrylate) superabsorbent; its use for bean growth was also investigated. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and stereochemistry of ω-azolylalkenes [1] (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 8 (1997), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ω-Azolylalkenes 3, 4, and 5 were synthesized by N-alkylation of C-alkylation of ω-bromoalkenes 2, which were obtained either by phase transfer Wittig reactions of ω-bromoalkylphosphonium salts 1 with aldehydes or by Wittig reactions of ω-hydroxyalkylphosphonium salts 6 with aldehydes and subsequent bromination. ω-Azolylalkenes 3 were also directly prepared by the Wittig reaction of ω-azolylalkyltriphenylphosphonium salts 8 with aromatic aldehydes. The stereochemistry of these Wittig reactions was studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and swelling properties of the copolymer of acrylamide with anionic monomers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 911-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of novel superabsorbent copolymers of acrylamide (AM), sodium allylsulfonate (SAS), sodium acrylate (AA), and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BisA) were synthesized using potassium persulfate (KPS)/N,N,N′,N′-tertramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as the initiator. The influences of synthetic variables (monomer concentration, temperature, initiator concentration, and pH) on the polymerization conversion (y°) and swelling properties were studied in detail. These gels should have potential application as water super-absorbents. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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