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  • Articles  (7)
  • Chemistry  (3)
  • flux pinning  (2)
  • impedance  (2)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (5)
  • Technology  (2)
  • Sociology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: eddy current ; impedance ; lift-off ; flaw ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of detection and characterization of a flaw in a conducting half-space using an eddy-current coil oriented parallel to the interface is examined. An expression is derived for a first order approximation for the change in complex impedance due to a flaw located within the conducting medium. The overall impedance is a function of the radius and lift-off distance of the test coil and the conductivity of the material. An analytical expression is derived for the change in impedance as a function of the electric fields at the position of the flaw. It is found to be an integral over the volume of the flaw of the electric fields found with and without the flaw being present. The limiting case of a degenerate point flaw may be examined in greater detail by allowing the field in the presence of the flaw to be approximated by the unperturbed field. For flaws small enough that the field does not vary much over its volume, the field may be even further approximated by using just the value of the field at the position of the centroid of the flaw. Plots are shown to illustrate the behavior of the change in impedance as a function of the radial range of the flaw and the depth of the flaw centroid, using previously derived expressions for the fields for the unflawed case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: eddy current ; impedance ; liftoff ; conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The change in complex impedance between an ideal one-turn circular coil located above and parallel to a conducting half space with respect to a similar isolated coil has been calculated. From this result, a series expansion of the integrand allows the solution to be approximated by terms expressed as complete elliptic integrals. Results have been calculated for the change in impedance as a function of the liftoff distance and the conductivity of the half space for a coil of representative radius.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Vibrating reed ; type-II superconductors ; organic superconductors ; flux pinning ; vortex lattice melting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vibrating reed measurements were performed on single-crystal samples ofκ-(ET)2- Cu[N(CN)2]Br in an applied magnetic fieldH oriented either parallel (“longitudinal”) or perpendicular (“transverse”) to the highly conducting ac-plane. Field-cooling data taken for the longitudinal orientation andH〈0.7 T revealed a peak with a low-temperature shoulder in the reed dissipation 1/Q located at temperatureT Q below the superconducting transition temperatureT c (≈11.6 forH=0). The shoulder disappeared nearH≈0.7 T, accompanied by an abrupt change in the slope ofT Q (H), corresponding to a similar change in the slope of the upper critical magnetic fieldH c2 measured by Kwoket al. The existence of the shoulder in the dissipation peak bears on a number of current explanations for the exotic superconducting properties ofκ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br.T Q data taken for the transverse orientation fell far below estimates ofH c2., indicating the existence of a substantial region of flux line (FL) mobility belowH c2(T). The location of a peak in NMR relaxation observed by De Sotoet al. lies close toT Q for the transverse orientation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Vibrating reed ; type-II superconductors ; oxide superconductors ; flux pinning ; vortex lattice melting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vibrating reed (VR) and dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on a nominal single crystal of composition (Ba0.64K0.36)BiO3 in an applied magnetic fieldH. Field-cooling and field-sweep data revealed multiple peaks in the reed dissipation 1/Q located below the superconducting transition temperatureT c (≈29.6 K forH=0). A shoulder or onset (with increasingT) of dissipation appears forT≤18 K, which may be a signature of a flux lattice melting transition. VR data for dense ceramic samples of composition (Ba0.625K0.375)BiO3 (T c=28.6K) exhibit a relatively narrow and smooth peak in 1/Q that corresponds well to a broad, intermediate-temperature peak in the crystal data. Resistivity experiments demonstrate that the single ceramic peak occurs well below the temperature at which the electrical resistanceR≈0, suggesting that the higher-temperature crystalline peaks are positioned close to the upper critical field line and may be strongly dependent upon grain size or surface properties. Both ac and dc susceptibility data show no clear evidence for multiple phases or gross compositional inhomogeneities in the crystalline sample. Our results demonstrate that the VR technique is an extremely sensitive method to probe sample inhomogeneities and their role in flux pinning phenomena.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 4 (1994), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsin ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; Differential response ; Photoswitch ; Photoalarm ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) without addition of lipids were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive electrodes. A sandwich photocell with a juction structure of ITO/bR/electrolyte/ITO has been constructed in which the bR LB film was put into contact directly with an aqueous electrolyte immobilized in an agar gel. Under visible light irradiation a transient photocurrent due to a change in light intensity can be observedl showing the property of vision-imitative material. It can be used as a multiple optical switch, since it gives positive and negative transient photocurrnts during application and removal of light irradiation respectively and has a photoresponse repeatedly in the same direction when the light intensity increases or decreases stepwise. A photoalarm consisting of the bR photocell and an amplifier was set up by utilizing the switching function of the bR LB film.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The poly(tetra peptide), H- (L·Val1-L·Pro2-Gly3-Gly4)n-L·Val-OMe, which is a recurring sequence in tropoelastin the precursor protein of the elastic fiber, has been irradiation crosslinked to produce an elastomeric material with limited strength. When a material such as a Dacron fabric is impregnated by the coacervate phase of the poly(tetra peptide) prior to irradiation crosslinking at 50 Mrad, the crosslinked product exhibits stress-strain curves with good elastomeric properties and high strength. In addition to the stress-strain curves, the material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Calcification is the principal cause of the clinical failures of the bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium. In this paper, we compared the calcification on various types of bovine pericardiums pretreated with two hydrophilic epoxy compounds adding GA post-treatment (EP 1 and EP 2), glutaraldehyde (GA)- and nontreated pericardium (Fresh), respectively, by in vitro and in vivo tests. Significant decrease of calcification was found by pretreatment with both epoxy compounds rather than with glutaraldehyde : 0.250 ± 0.001 (Fresh), 0.276 ± 0.058 (EP l), 0.302 ± 0.071 (EP 2), and 0.478 ± 0.172 (GA) μg (Ca)/mg (dried tissue), respectively, after 20 days dipping in a simulating serum solution in vitro; 115.13 ± 60.11 (Fresh), 129.84 ± 51.08 (EP 1), 167.39 ± 20.81 (EP 2), and 205.19 ± 16.86 (GA) pg/mg, respectively, after 3 months subcutaneous implantation i n rabbits. The in uifro method for evaluating calcification designed by us gave the similar order among four samples with that obtained by in uiuo test. Because the bovine pericardium pretreated with the epoxy compounds adding GA post treatment possesses the greater tenacity than that pretreated only with epoxy compounds or GA, meanwhile the calcification is also significantly decreased with this pretreatment, it may be expected that the bovine pericardium with this pretreatment will have the greater anticalcification and durability in dynamic stress. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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