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  • Chemistry  (13)
  • chemiluminescence  (1)
  • vertical ionisation energy  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 14 (1992), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Ozone sensor ; chemiluminescence ; eddy correlation ; eddy flux ; dry deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A small, lightweight (1.5 kg) and fast-response ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements has been built. The basis for detection is the chemiluminescence of an organic dye adsorbed on dry silica gel in the reaction with ozone. The chemiluminescence is monitored with a cheap and small blue-sensitive photomultiplier. At a flow rate of 100 l min-1 the ozone sensor has a 90% response time of significantly better than 0.1 s with a detection limit lower than 50 ppt at S/N=3. There are no interferences from other atmospheric trace gases like NOx, H2O2 and PAN. Water vapour and SO2 enhance the chemiluminescence efficiency of the ozone sensor. Since their response times are 22 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively, no correlation between rapid ozone fluctuations and those of these two trace gases is noticed by the ozone sensor when operating at a frequency of 10 Hz. The ozone sensor was tested for several weeks in continuous measurements of ozone fluxes and deposition velocities over different croplands using the eddy correlation technique. Good agreement was found between ozone dry deposition velocities derived from profile measurements and by eddy correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115224
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the abiotic degradability of organic compounds in the troposphere (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 2 (1984), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Abiotic degradability ; vertical ionisation energy ; reaction rate constant ; OH radical reactivity ; tropospheric lifetime ; organic compounds ; environmental chemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A statistically relevant correlation between the reaction rate coefficient, k OH, for the OH radical reaction with 161 organic compounds in the gas phase at 300 K, and the corresponding vertical ionisation energies E i,v, reveals two classes of compounds: aromatics where −log(k OH/cm3s-1)≃3/2E i,v(eV)−2 and aliphatics where −log(k OH/cm3s-1)≃4/5E i,v(eV)+3. The prediction of the rate coefficient, k OH, for the reaction of OH with organic molecules from the above equations has a probability of about 90%. Assuming a global diurnal mean of the OH radical concentration of 5×105 cm3, the upper limit of the tropospheric half-life of organic compounds and their persistence can be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127264
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die photochemische Cyclisierung monosubstituierter Stilbene (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 2690-2696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die photochemische Umsetzung substituierter Stilbene zu Phenanthrenen wurde in Cyclohexan in Gegenwart von Luftsauerstoff bei Raumtemperatur gemessen. Daraus wurden die Quantenausbeuten der Photocyclisierung von p- und m-substituierten cis-Stilbenen 2 zu den 4a.4b-Dihydro-phenanthrenen 3 berechnet. p-Substituenten mit stark positiven oder negativen mesomeren Effekten verringern die Quantenausbeute. Die Quantenausbeuten der m-substituierten cis-Stilbene zeigen einen linearen Verlauf mit den Hammettschen σp-Werten, wobei elektronenspendende Substituenten die größten Werte aufweisen.  -  Die Quantenausbeuten des photochemischen Zerfalls p- und m-substituierter Diazonium-Salze zeigen den gleichen Verlauf mit den Hammettschen σp-Werten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19681010811
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und photochemische cis-trans-Isomerisierung eines quartären cis-Stilbazoliumsalzes (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 402-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Photochemical cis-trans-Isomerization of a Quarternary cis-Stilbazolium SaltThe synthesis of cis-1-methyl-4-[4-methoxystyryl]quinolinium methosulfate 1b is described. The quantum yield for the cis→trans-isomerization is 0.37, while that for the trans→cis-isomerization is 0.43. The cis-compound is thermally stable at room temperature in protic solvents, whereas in aprotic solvents a rapid thermal cis-trans-isomerization occurs.
    Notes: Die Synthese des cis-1-Methyl-4-[4-methoxy-styryl]-chinolinium-methosulfats (1b) wird beschrieben. Die cis- und die trans-Form wandeln sich photochemisch ineinander um. In Methanol beträgt die Quantenausbeute für die cis→trans-Isomerisierung 0.37, für die trans→cis-Isomerisierung 0.43. Während die cis-Verbindung bei 25° in protischen Lösungsmitteln thermisch stabil ist, erfolgt in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln eine rasche thermische cis-trans-Isomerisierung.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Strahlen-induzierte Addition von chlorierten Methanen an Cyclische Olefine (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 1601-1613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der γ-Radiolyse von Cycloalken-Polychlormethan-Gemischen (CCl4, CHCl3 und CH2Cl2) bei Raumtemperatur entstehen Gemische chlorierter gesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe und dimere bicyclische Olefine. Bei den Cyclopenten-CCl4-Gemischen entsteht das 1:1-Additionsprodukt (2-Chlor-1-trichlormethyl-cyclopentan (7)) als Hauptprodukt. Bei der γ-Bestrahlung der Cyclohexen-CCl4-Gemische wird das 1:1-Additionsprodukt nicht gefunden, sondern Trichlormethylcyclohexan als Hauptprodukt gebildet. Einige noch nicht beschriebene Verbindungen werden strahlenchemisch in präparativem Maßstab dargestellt. Die G-WerteUnter dem G-Wert oder der 100 eV-Ausbeute versteht man die Zahl der pro 100 eV absorbierter Strahlenenergie umgesetzten Moleküle. der Radiolyseprodukte sind unabhängig von der Dosis und der Dosis-leistung, hängen jedoch von der molaren Zusammensetzung der Mischungen ab. Die G-Werte der chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe nehmen in der Reihenfolge der Gemische mit CCl4, CHCl3 und CH2Cl2 ab, die der bicyclischen Olefine bleiben in dieser Reihenfolge nahezu konstant. Für das Verschwinden des Olefins liegen die G-Werte bei 30.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19681010509
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopentrennung durch Laser-Photochemie (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 11 (1977), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19770110202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Konzentrationsbestimmung von Wasser in organischen Verbindungen unter prozeßtechnischen Bedingungen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 54 (1982), S. 671-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330540710
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notiz zur Phototropie des ChinaldinrotsHerrn Professor Dr. L. Horner zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1981 (1981), S. 1896-1898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Note on the Phototropic Reaction of Quinaldine RedContrary to the literature quinaldine red shows an irreversible photochemical reaction in halogenated solvents.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198119811018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naphthalin-natrium als reaktionsfähiges Metallierungsmittel (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 652 (1962), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Naphthalin-natrium, dargestellt aus Naphthalin und Natrium in absol. Tetrahydrofuran, metalliert schon bei -60° Nitrile mit α-ständigen CH-Gruppen. Die α-metallierten Nitrile setzen sich in bekannter Weise mit Alkylhalogeniden um.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19626520114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermische cis-trans-Isomerisierung von 1-Äthyl-4-[4-hydroxy-styryl]-chinoliniumchlorids. Zur Existenz von cis-Stilbazoliumbetainen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 749 (1971), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal cis-trans-Isomerization of 1-Ethyl-4-[4-hydroxystyryl]-quinolinium chloride. A cis-Stilbazolium BetaineThe rate constant for the thermal cis-trans-isomerization of 1-ethyl-4-[4-hydroxystyryl]-quinolinium chloride (1) is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration and increases at 25° with decreasing solvent polarity. The activation energy for the isomerization is 25 kcal/mole. In contrast to these results the rate constant of the thermal cis-trans-isomerization of the 1-ethyl-4-[4-methoxystyryl]-quinolinium compound is 105 smaller in acetone and immeasurably small in water. The kinetic data suggest that the thermal cis-trans-isomerization of 1 occurs via both the cis- and trans-stibazolium betaines 2.
    Notes: Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der thermischen cis-trans-Isomerisierung des 1-Äthyl-4-[4-hydroxy-styryl]-chinoliniumchlorids (1) ist der Wasserstoffionen-Konzentration umgekehrt proportional; sie nimmt bei 25° mit abnehmender Polarität des Lösungsmittels zu. Die Aktivierungsenergie beträgt 25 kcal/Mol. Dagegen ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Isomerisierung der 1-Äthyl-4-[4-methoxy-styryl]-chinolinium-Verbindung in Aceton 105 mal kleiner und in Wasser überhaupt nicht meßbar. Aus kinetischen Messungen folgt, daß die cis-trans-Isomerisierung von 1 über die cis-sowie die trans-Form des Stilbazoliumbetains 2 erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19717490107
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