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  • Chemistry  (206)
  • cationic polymerization  (12)
  • radical ring-opening polymerization  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular design of novel network polymers (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cationic, anionic, and radical ring-opening polymerization of spiro and bicyclic monomers, and their application to network polymers have been developed. Bicyclo orthoesters (BOEs), spiro orthoesters (SOEs), and spiro orthocarbonates (SOCs) were polymerized by cationic double ring-opening. Bicyclobis(γ-butyrolactone)s and spirobis(γ-butyrolactone)s were copolymerized with epoxides by anionic alternating ring-opening. Polymers from SOCs bearing exomethylene groups consisted of ring-opened and vinyl polymerized units. The degree of ring-opening of SOCs depended upon the number of rings and steric hindrance. The radical polymerization of vinylcyclopropanone cyclic acetals depended on the ring-size. With the monomers bearing 5- and 6-membered acetal rings, single ring-opened polymers were obtained. With the monomer bearing 7-membered acetal ring, the polymer mainly consisted of double ring-opened unit. These monomers could be crosslinked by bifunctionalization. Poly(cyclic orthoester)s linked by covalent bonds with dithiols to bifunctional SOEs were crosslinked by acid catalysts, and the reversible crosslinking-depolymerization system could be controlled by temperature.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052400115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a polymer containing the cyclic disulfide (1,2-dithiolane) structure (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3597-3602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021751224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis of monomers that expand on polymerization. Synthesis and polymerization of 8,10,19,20-tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3231-3235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Spiroorthocarbonat, 8,10,19,20-Tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosan (1), welches zwei Cyclohexylgruppen enthält, wurde dargestellt. Das Monomere wurde mittels eines kationischen Katalysators wie Bortrifluoridätherat oder Zinn(IV)-chlorid polymerisiert. Die Struktur des Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR und NMR Spektren bestimmt; es sind Copolymere mit alternierenden Äther- und Carbonatverknüpfungen. Das Monomere 1 expandiert bei der Polymerisation.
    Notes: A spiro orthocarbonate containing two cyclohexyl groups, 8,10,19,20-tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane (1), was prepared. The monomer was polymerized with Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride etherate or stannic chloride as catalysts. The IR and NMR spectra indicated that the polymer was an alternating copolymer with ether and carbonate linkages. This monomer underwent expansion on polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021771111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, polymerization and copolymerization of a new organotin monomer. Application of a copolymer as catalyst for reductive dehalogenation of alkyl halides (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 1827-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new organotin monomer, N-[3-(tributylstannyl)propyl]methacrylamide (5) was synthesized in 49% yield by hydrostannylation of acrylonitrile with tributyltin hydride and subsequent reduction of the resulting 3-tributylstannylpropionitrile (3) with lithium aluminium hydride into 3-tributylstannylpropylamine (4) which reacted with methacryloyl chloride to afford 5. Polymerization of 5 and copolymerization of 5 with styrene gave homopolymer 6 and copolymer 7, respectively. In a model study on the stability toward solvolysis, N-(3-tributylstannylpropyl)propionamide (8) showed no reactivity, whereas the corresponding ester derivative, 3-tributylstannylpropyl propionate (9), easily reacted with ethanol to release the tin moiety. Monobromostannyl derivative 10, formed by the reaction of 7 with bromine, showed the catalytic activity in the reductive debromonation of dodecyl bromide with sodium borohydride under photoirradiation conditions at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021900808
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polymerization of methoxyallene with Lewis acids (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1207-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cationic polymerization of methoxyallene (1) was carried out with some Lewis acids at -50°C in dichloromethane. BF3OEt2 was found to be an effective catalyst for the cationic polymerization of 1. From analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra, the obtained polymers consist of units with the 1,2-double bond of 1 being opened, although the 2,3-double bond is consumed also to an amount of 24 to 43 mol-%. This decrease in 2,3-double bond content in the polymer may be attributed to intramolecular cyclization of the propagating cation and/or the intermolecular reaction of the propagating cation with polymer to produce a graft polymer. Moderately polar solvents such as dichloromethane proved to be best suited for obtaining polymers with high double bond content.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920519
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical ring-opening polymerization behavior of ethyl 1-substituted 2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylate (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl 1-substituted 2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylate derivatives (VCPs) were prepared from butadiene and the corresponding substituted diazoacetate in the presence of rhodium diacetate as a catalyst. The polymerization behavior of the obtained monomers was investigated revealing that VCPs undergo radical ring-opening polymerization to form poly(1-alkyl-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-pentenylene)s and that there is a marked influence of the 1-substituent of VCPs on the polymerization rate. The reaction of VCPs with thiophenol was also carried out as a model reaction of their polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021900402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with an oxoammonium salt (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1307-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with 1-oxo-4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium chloride (oxoammonium salt, 1) prepared by a one-electron oxidation of the corresponding nitroxyl radical (2) was carried out. PVA with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 300 and a degree of saponification (DS) of 88 mol-% was oxidized with 1 in the presence of magnesium perchlorate in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a polymer containing 66 mol-% of ketone units. The oxidation was found to be dependent on solvent and additive and further, independent of DP but dependent on DS of PVA. In the case of PVA with extremely low (10 mol-%) or high (98,5 mol-%) DS, no or little oxidation took place. The highest ketone content was obtained in a polymer with a DS of 88 mol-%. Moreover, the ketone content of the oxidized PVA could be controlled by the amount of 1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic ring-opening polymerization behavior of 2-ethenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2017-2023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (3) was carried out. The unsaturated cyclic acetal 3 was prepared by dehydrochlorination of 4-chloromethyl-2-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolane, which was readily obtained from acrolein and epichlorohydrin, with sodium methoxide at ambient temperature. The cationic polymerization of 3 with BF3OEt2 or CF3SO3H at -78°C afforded cross-linked polymers, whereas the polymerization by CH3SO3H gave a soluble poly(keto-ether) which consisted of a unit containing a carbon-carbon double bond in the side chain (unit 4) and a unit containing a vinyl ether group in the main chain (unit 5). The reaction of 3 with ethanethiol in the presence of a protic acid was also carried out as a model reaction of the polymerization. The reaction was initiated by addition of a proton to the 4-methylene group of 3, followed by quantitative ring-opening isomerization to afford acyclic ketones containing the ethylthio group. On the basis of the model reaction, some speculation on the polymerization mechanism is disclosed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940715
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convenient synthesis of polymers containing terminal aldehyde and ketone moieties by selective oxidation of polymeric terminal diols with an oxoaminium salt (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2507-2515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Synthesis of polymers with aldehyde or ketone groups at both chain ends was carried out by oxidation of polymeric terminal diols with an oxoaminium salt (OAS), the oxidized form of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl. Terminal diols of polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polybutadiene, and hydrogenated polybutadiene were oxidized with 2,0 equiv. of OAS in dichloromethane at room temperature in the dark. The corresponding aldehyde-and/or ketoneterminated polymers were obtained in high yields with high conversion of OH group and little change in molecular weight. Poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene adipate) terminal diols were oxidized with low efficiency. Especially, in the case of poly(ethylene glycol), intermolecular reactions occurred to afford high molecular weight polymer. The ratio of aldehyde (CHO) to ketone (C=O) groups in the oxidized polymer originating from the hydrogenated polybutadiene terminal diol was calculated to be 37/63.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940909
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and radical polymerization of allenyl ethers with oligo(oxyethylene) moieties (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 3323-3328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Synthesis and radical polymerization of allenyl ethers with oligo(oxyethylene) moieties (1a-1c: CH2=C=CH—O—(CH2CH2O)m—CH3, m = 3 - 1) were examined. The polymerization of 1a(m = 3) in bulk with 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile as initiator at 60°C gives the polymer 2a in 51% yield with 75% of the double bonds remaining in the polymer chain (estimated by 1H NMR). The polymers 2a-2c are hydrophilic, soluble in protic solvents such as water and methanol, and are subject to crosslinking upon storage in the air.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021941210
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