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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of membrane fixed biocatalyst reactors. I: Membrane reactor systems and modelling (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 913-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic membrane reactors are discussed according to the state of biocatalyst and driving force of reaction. Particular attention is given to the Capillary Membrane Fixed Enzyme Reactor (CAMFER) for its favorable characteristics. It is shown that, for a practical range of operation conditions, both kinetic and mass transfer effects must be considered simultaneously. Three modes of operation were investigated in detail using enzymatic lactose hydrolysis as a model reaction: Diffusional reactor, Recycle reactor, and Backflush reactor. In the comparison, superior performance of the CAMFER in diffusional mode was clearly demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310904
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose hydrolysis and their importance in a whey hydrolysis process: Part II: Experimental (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1026-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis using two yeast and two fungal lactases that are of current technical interest was studied. The enzymes were compared regarding their oligosaccharide production. Parameters influencing oligosaccharide formation, together with the effect of immobilization were examined and conditions minimizing oligosaccharide content in the hydrolysis product were proposed. Enzymatic whey hydrolysis was also considered. A possibility of enzymatic lactose recombination from its hydrolysis products was shown.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300905
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of enzymatic degradation of cyanide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biocatalyst ; cyanide degradation ; immobilized enzyme ; wastewaters ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: CYANIDASE@ is a new enzyme preparation capable of degrading cyanide in industrial wastewaters to ammonia and formate in an apparently one-step reaction, down to very low concentrations. This enzyme has both a high selectivity and affinity toward cyanide. A granular form of the biocatalyst was used in a recirculation fixed bed reactor in order to characterize the new biocatalyst with respect to pH, ionic strength, common ions normally present in wastewaters, mass transfer effects, and temperature. Long term stability was investigated. The kinetics of the enzymatic degradation of cyanide were studied in a batch reactor using the powdered immobilized enzyme preparation and modeled using a simple Michaelis-Menten equation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simulation model for the continuous production of acetoin and butanediol using Bacillus subtilis with integrated pervaporation separation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 791-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acetoin ; butanediol ; Bacillus subtilis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential for producing acetoin and butanediol with a Bacillus subtilis strain was investigated with continuous culture using molasses as carbon substrate. The steady-state results were influenced by both oxygen and undetermined limiting compounds. Employing the known metabolic pathways, four overall stoichiometry relations were used with an energetic assumption on the energy requirements for biomass formation to establish a linear relations were used with an energetic assumption on the energy requirements for biomass formation to establish a linear relation between the overall rates, whose parameters were determined by linear regression. This provided a relationship for the product formation rate. The chemostat culture data were described with a growth kinetics model, which included limitation by molasses and oxygen as well as diauxic effects and product inhibition. The biokinetics model was combined with an experimentally verified model for the membrane Pervaporation. From this combined model were determined the influence of the membrane characteristics (enrichment factors and membrane area) and the dilution rate on the performance of the integrated process. Simulations revealed that an increase of the enrichment factor, possible by membrane improvement, would have counteracting influences, owing to decreased product inhibition but with lower biomass concentration. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410805
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility and selective crystallization of lactose from solutions of its hydrolysis products glucose and galactose (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1625-1639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high degree of conversion is desired when lactose is hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose. This produces, however, a high concentration of galactose, which is inhibitory for the enzyme catalyst (β-galactosidase). The inhibition can be reduced by limiting the conversion per pass over the enzyme (e.g. to ca. 50%), separating unconverted lactose from the reactor effluent, and recycling it to the reactor inlet. (This allows the overall conversion to be raised to ca. 80-90%). The solubilities of lactose, glucose, and galactose have been determined at various temperatures and for sugar mixtures having different concentrations and degrees of hydrolysis. Various cooling crystallizations have defined convenient and simple processes for the selective separation of lactose from its hydrolysis products.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an enzyme membrane reactor for treatment of cyanide-containing wastewaters from the food industry (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cyanidase ; biocatalyst ; cyanide ; waste-water ; effluents ; cyanogenic glycoside ; amygdalin ; flat membrane reactor ; apricot seed extract ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cyanidase, an immobilized enzyme preparation for hydrolyzing cyanide to ammonia and formate, was applied for the treatment of cyanide-containing waste waters from the food industry. Apricot seed extract was chosen as a model effluent. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pure amygdalin, the main cyanogenic glycoside in the extract, and the degradation of the cyanide formed was investigated and compared with the behavior of the real extract in a batch slurry reactor. A diffusional-type, flat-membrane reactor with immobilized cyanidase was developed, where the enzyme is effectively protected from adverse effects of high molecular components contained in the extract. For monitoring continuous-membrane reactor operation, a new unsegmented ammonia measurement system was developed and applied. In continuous operation the cyanidase retained its original activity for more than 400 hours on steam. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of adhesion and spreading of animal cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 939-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: BHK cells ; attachment kinetics ; spreading kinetics ; integrated optics ; planar waveguide ; grating coupler ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adhesion and spreading of cells at surfaces are well established phenomena which have been extensively observed using light or electron microscopy. The kinetics of both processes can be quantitatively measured by allowing the cells to attach themselves to the surface of a planar waveguide allows the number of cells per unit area and a parameter uniquely characterizing their shape, such as the area in contact with the surface, to be determined. Cells suspended in nutrient medium or pure phosphate buffer were allowed to attach to and spread on a metal oxide surface or a layer of fibronectin, and the kinetics of attachment and spreading have been measured. Attachment kinetics are the same in all cases, but spreading on the metal oxide requires nutrient medium, without which it does not occur. Spreading of cells attached to a layer of fibronectin in the absence of nutrient medium occurs at about a tenth of the rate of cells spreading on metal oxide in the presence of nutrient. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized glucose oxidase-catalase and their deactivation in a differential-bed loop reactor (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 89-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucose oxidase containing catalase was immobilized with a copolymer of phenylenediamine and glutaraldehyde on pumice and titania carrier to study the enzymatic oxidation of glucose in a differential-bed loop reactor. The reaction rate was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of limiting oxygen substrate, suggesting a strong external mass-transfer resistance for all the flow rates used. The partial pressure of oxygen was varied from 21.3 up to 202.6 kPa. The use of a differential-bed loop reactor for the determination of the active enzyme concentration in the catalyst with negligible internal pore diffusion resistance is shown. Catalyst deactivation was studied, especially with respect to the presence of catalase. It is believed that the hydrogen peroxide formed in the oxidation reaction deactivates catalase first; if an excess of catalase is present, the deactivation of glucose oxidase remains small. The mathematical model subsequently developed adequately describes the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose: Part I: State of art (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 1019-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase (lactase) was investigated with respect to the formation of oligosaccharides. An analysis of the formation of oligosaccharides and their control is important in the development of technical applications for enzymatic lactose hydrolysis. The available literature data on transfer reactions of lactase were reviewed, compared, and presented in a concise tabular form. Mechanisms and possible ways of modelling enzymatic lactose hydrolysis, including formation of oligosaccharides, are presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300904
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