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  • 1
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: turbid media ; optical properties ; reflectance measurements ; Monte Carlo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a technique for determining the asymmetry parameter and scattering coefficient of turbid media from spatially resolved reflectance measurements. This technique will contribute to the development of medical applications in which it is necessary to predict the distribution and propagation of light in tissue. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we derived correlations which relate the reduced scattering coefficient and the asymmetry parameter to the relative reflectance curve. Initial estimates of the optical properties are obtained from these correlations. Final values are obtained by adjusting the optical parameters and repeating the Monte Carlo simulations until the simulated reflectance pattern matches the measured reflectance pattern. Preliminary experimental results indicate that this technique can be used to determine the asymmetry parameter to within 10% and the reduced scattering coefficient to within 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conditions for high-cell-density fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing recombinant-DNA-derived proteins were established. Strains producing human immune interferon (IFN-γ) from the constitutive PGK promoter failed to grow to high cell densities and exhibited low plasmid stability. Regulated expression of IFN-γ was obtained in similar strains by employing a hybrid yeast GPD promoter that was subject to carbon source regulation due to the presence of regulatory DNA sequences from the yeast GAL 1,10 intergenic region. IFN-γ expression programmed by this vector was low during growth on glucose and was induced by galactose. Previously defined fermentation conditions employing glucose as a carbon source were applied to this strain, resulting in high ceil densities with higher plasmid stability. Various methods of galactose induction of IFN-γ expression in high-cell-density fermentations were investigated. Optimal conditions resulted in a 2000-fold induction and production of 2 g IFN-γ/L fermentation culture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 64 (1997), S. 523-552 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proper treatment of many-body effects for fermions has long been a goal of theorists working in atomic and molecular physics. The computational demands of such a treatment, however, when coupled to the added difficulties imposed by the presence of external electromagnetic sources, have resulted in few studies of many-body effects in strong magnetic fields, i.e., in the field regime where perturbation theory is no longer applicable. In this article, we review the fundamental aspects of the problem and describe a variety of theoretical approaches for small atoms and molecules in strong fields, beginning with mean-field theory (Hartree-Fock) and progressing through variational and exact stochastic methods.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 64: 523-552, 1997
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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