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  • Articles  (26)
  • Chemistry  (23)
  • Male  (3)
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  • 1
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    Human CHN1 mutations hyperactivate alpha2-chimaerin and cause Duane's retraction syndrome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a complex congenital eye movement disorder caused by aberrant innervation of the extraocular muscles by axons of brainstem motor neurons. Studying families with a variant form of the disorder (DURS2-DRS), we have identified causative heterozygous missense mutations in CHN1, a gene on chromosome 2q31 that encodes alpha2-chimaerin, a Rac guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (RacGAP) signaling protein previously implicated in the pathfinding of corticospinal axons in mice. We found that these are gain-of-function mutations that increase alpha2-chimaerin RacGAP activity in vitro. Several of the mutations appeared to enhance alpha2-chimaerin translocation to the cell membrane or enhance its ability to self-associate. Expression of mutant alpha2-chimaerin constructs in chick embryos resulted in failure of oculomotor axons to innervate their target extraocular muscles. We conclude that alpha2-chimaerin has a critical developmental function in ocular motor axon pathfinding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyake, Noriko -- Chilton, John -- Psatha, Maria -- Cheng, Long -- Andrews, Caroline -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Law, Krystal -- Crosier, Moira -- Lindsay, Susan -- Cheung, Michelle -- Allen, James -- Gutowski, Nick J -- Ellard, Sian -- Young, Elizabeth -- Iannaccone, Alessandro -- Appukuttan, Binoy -- Stout, J Timothy -- Christiansen, Stephen -- Ciccarelli, Maria Laura -- Baldi, Alfonso -- Campioni, Mara -- Zenteno, Juan C -- Davenport, Dominic -- Mariani, Laura E -- Sahin, Mustafa -- Guthrie, Sarah -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- G9900837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900989/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 EY015298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):839-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156121. Epub 2008 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine (Genetics), Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abducens Nerve/abnormalities ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chimerin 1/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Duane Retraction Syndrome/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; Oculomotor Muscles/embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Oculomotor Nerve/abnormalities/embryology ; Pedigree
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Network-based diffusion analysis reveals cultural transmission of lobtail feeding in humpback whales (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: We used network-based diffusion analysis to reveal the cultural spread of a naturally occurring foraging innovation, lobtail feeding, through a population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) over a period of 27 years. Support for models with a social transmission component was 6 to 23 orders of magnitude greater than for models without. The spatial and temporal distribution of sand lance, a prey species, was also important in predicting the rate of acquisition. Our results, coupled with existing knowledge about song traditions, show that this species can maintain multiple independently evolving traditions in its populations. These insights strengthen the case that cetaceans represent a peak in the evolution of nonhuman culture, independent of the primate lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Jenny -- Weinrich, Mason -- Hoppitt, Will -- Rendell, Luke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):485-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sea Mammal Research Unit and Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humpback Whale/*psychology ; Male ; Population ; *Social Behavior ; Social Networking ; *Transfer (Psychology)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: In the developing central nervous system (CNS), the control of synapse number and function is critical to the formation of neural circuits. We previously demonstrated that astrocyte-secreted factors powerfully induce the formation of functional excitatory synapses between CNS neurons. Astrocyte-secreted thrombospondins induce the formation of structural synapses, but these synapses are postsynaptically silent. Here we use biochemical fractionation of astrocyte-conditioned medium to identify glypican 4 (Gpc4) and glypican 6 (Gpc6) as astrocyte-secreted signals sufficient to induce functional synapses between purified retinal ganglion cell neurons, and show that depletion of these molecules from astrocyte-conditioned medium significantly reduces its ability to induce postsynaptic activity. Application of Gpc4 to purified neurons is sufficient to increase the frequency and amplitude of glutamatergic synaptic events. This is achieved by increasing the surface level and clustering, but not overall cellular protein level, of the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) glutamate receptor (AMPAR). Gpc4 and Gpc6 are expressed by astrocytes in vivo in the developing CNS, with Gpc4 expression enriched in the hippocampus and Gpc6 enriched in the cerebellum. Finally, we demonstrate that Gpc4-deficient mice have defective synapse formation, with decreased amplitude of excitatory synaptic currents in the developing hippocampus and reduced recruitment of AMPARs to synapses. These data identify glypicans as a family of novel astrocyte-derived molecules that are necessary and sufficient to promote glutamate receptor clustering and receptivity and to induce the formation of postsynaptically functioning CNS synapses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383085/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383085/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Nicola J -- Bennett, Mariko L -- Foo, Lynette C -- Wang, Gordon X -- Chakraborty, Chandrani -- Smith, Stephen J -- Barres, Ben A -- R01 DA015043/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA015043-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS075252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS075252-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS077601/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS077601-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01DA015043/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01NS0725252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS077601/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 27;486(7403):410-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11059.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild Science Building D231, Stanford, California 94305-5125, USA. nallen@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/*metabolism/secretion ; Cerebellum/cytology/metabolism ; Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Female ; Glypicans/deficiency/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental almost isothermal reactor (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1228-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200631
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The properties of some new gas hydrates and their use in demineralizing sea water (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The general attributes of the hydrate process for demineralizing sea water are discussed, and it is shown that the economics of the process depend on the properties of the hydrating agent used. Eight new hydrates are reported, and the thermodynamic properties of three hydrate systems are presented in some detail: methyl bromide Freon 21, and Freon 31.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminar dispersion in capillaries: Part V. Experiments on combined natural and forced convection in vertical tubes (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 100-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approximate theory for transient dispersion with combined free and forced convection in vertical tubes is developed and tested experimentally. It is found that the dispersion coefficient in such systems depends on a parameter α, which is defined by Equation (38). The analytical expression developed for the dispersion coefficient, Equation (33), is found to be a reasonably good approximation in the range -50 〈 α 〈 300.Experimental results are reported for a rather wide range of parameters for tubes with both 1 1/2 and 5 mm. diameters.It is found that the extent of dispersion is enhanced significantly when lighter fluid is on the bottom and displaces a heavier one. On the other hand, the dispersion coefficient is inhibited when the situation is reversed. It is found that these effects are not symmetrical with respect to the absolute magnitude of the parameter α as is illustrated in Figure 12.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rate of an ice crystal in subcooled pure water (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 294-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New and extensive experimental data on the rate of growth of ice crystals in the a axis direction in quiescent and slow flowing subcooled pure water show conclusively that thermal natural convection is an important heat transfer mechanism controlling the growth rate. At zero and low forced velocities, steady growth is observed only when the crystals grow horizontally or upward. Steady downward growth does not occur in quiescent water. This is consistent with the physical properties of water and the phenomenon of thermal natural convection.Growth rates at high water flow rates vary as the square root of the forced velocity and the 3/2 power of the subcooling and follow the theory of Fernandez and Barduhn (1967) with the ice-water interfacial energy set at 52 mJ/m2 (52 erg/cm2).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230312
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuum stripping of refrigerants in water sprays (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The number of overall liquid transfer units as a function of the total pressure, flow rate, and nozzle height has been measured for the removal of butane and F-22 refrigerants from water for a flat spray nozzle in a vacuum spray chamber. The number of transfer units increases with the flow rate and with the total pressure with the increase proportional to 0.2 power of the Weber number in which the gas density is used. NOL also increases linearly with length, but more than two-thirds of the mass transfer always takes place in liquid sheet attached to the nozzle. Because the rate of mass transfer in a spray chamber is much greater than in a packed column, vacuum spray stripping is recommended for the removal of refrigerants from water and brine in the freezing and hydrate processes for desalination and other slightly soluble gases from aqueous solution in other processes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New chemical engineering separation techniques, edited by H. M. Schoen, John Wiley and Son, New York. 439 pages. $14.50 (1963)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 573-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690090405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminar dispersion in capillaries: Part I. Mathematical analysis (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 1063-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since 1953, when G. I. Taylor first considered the problem, numerous studies of the miscible displacement of fluids in capillaries have produced several approximate mathematical solutions which are purported to be valid under different conditions. Their form and ranges of applicability have been in conflict to some extent, since no exact solution is available to check these expressions.This study has resulted in exact numerical solutions to this problem with both axial and radial molecular diffusion accounted for. The range of parameters investigated is wide enough for comparison with all known analytical and empirical results and covers τ from 0.01 to 30 and NPe from 1 to 23,000. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of τ the Taylor-Aris theory is valid and thus results for all τ and NPe of any practical interest are now known.Axial molecular diffusion is significant at lower values of the Peclet number but the magnitude of NPe at which this occurs depends on the value of τ. In general, axial molecular diffusion is important for Peclet numbers less than about 100.Present results show that there is no justification for Bailey and Gogarty's empirical modification which yields an exponent of 0.541 rather than 0.50 for τ in Equations (35) and (36). Also, for the system studied here, no justification was found for the conjecture of Bournia et al. that Aris' low NPe modification may not account for axial diffusion properly.Simple expressions given by Equations (48) and (50) were developed empirically and they give with good accuracy the average concentration distribution over wider ranges of NPe and τ than previously reported expressions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110620
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