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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling chromate ion-exchange processes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 2019-2029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In spite of chromate's very high selectivity at acidic pH, fixed-bed chromate-exchange processes always suffer from severe gradual breakthroughs of chromate during column runs. Earlier, Sengupta and Clifford confirmed that such a gradual breakthrough is an equilibrium phenomenon and provided the underlying ion-exchange mechanism. An algorithm, developed with the aid of the governing chromate ion-exchange mechanism, is presented here to predict the salient properties of chromate-exchange processes in a multicomponent system. The model predicts the gradual chromate breakthroughs during column runs fairly accurately and also accounts for other unusual characteristics of chromate ion exchange. Average separation factor models, often used for designing fixed-bed ion-exchange processes, are unable to predict the gradual breakthrough characteristics of a preferred component such as chromate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341211
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ternary gas mixture separation in two-membrane permeators (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Single-stage separation of ternary gas mixtures of He, CO2, and N2 in a hollow-fiber permeator that simultaneously houses two different types of membranes, cellulose acetate and silicone rubber, was investigated. The two membranes have reverse selectivities with respect to He and CO2. Such a two-membrane permeator separates the feed into three streams, two permeates and one reject, each stream being enriched in a different component. The species permeabilities through each membrane were measured independently, and these values were utilized in a simulation that incorporates the fiber lumen pressure drops, the elastic deformation of the silicone capillaries, and the asymmetric structure of the CA membrane. Simulation results are compared with experimental data. Effects of flow pattern, relative permeation areas of the two membranes, permeate pressure ratios, feed composition, and membrane selectivities are studied. Advantages of the two-membrane scheme over the conventional permeators with only one kind of membrane are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330402
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange resins for improved stability in biological and enzymatic reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1745-1748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351022
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of solutes from aqueous solutions by contained liquid membranes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1698-1708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hollow fiber contained liquid membrane (CLM) is a thin liquid film contained in the interstices of two sets of intermingled microporous hollow fine fibers. Organic CLM-s have been used here for the separation of solutes from an aqueous feed into an aqueous strip. Solutes studied are phenol and acetic acid. The separations are carried out in either hydrophilic or hydrophobic hollow fiber CLM permeator modules, using a variety of organic liquids (e.g., decanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, xylene) as membranes. First-order models have been developed to predict the overall solute transfer coefficients adequately. The transfer coefficient can be enhanced significantly when a chemical reaction is carried out on the strip side using NaOH. The advantages of the CLM structure include operational stability, independent control of membrane phase pressure, automatic replenishment of the lost membrane liquid, and absence of the need for preequilibration. These features are demonstrated here, even for systems with considerable aqueous-organic mutual solubilities.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341014
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fibers: Studies in gas permeation (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas separation behavior of permeators containing asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fibers with the dense skin on the outside, facing the feed gas, has been investigated experimentally and theoretically using a sweep gas technique. Two systems were studied: CO2-N2, and O2-N2 (air). If the membrane structure is assumed to be symmetric or homogeneous, the model complies with the present data much better, compared to the assumption that the membrane is asymmetric.Separation was carried out with the high-pressure feed outside the fibers as well as inside the fibers. In both cases the data were well predicted by the homogeneous model. No concentration polarization effects were found when the feed flowed inside the fibers. The inherent membrane separation capability appeared practically the same whether the feed was inside or outside the fibers. Internal pressurization did not damage the membrane performance for the low pressure range used.These findings enable the operation of asymmetric hollow-fiber permeators with the feed inside the fiber lumen, which gives better separation in high stage cut situations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340309
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXSENSEL - a rule-based approach to selection of sensors for process variables (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 19 (1996), S. 443-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel expert-system-based method for selection of sensors for process variables is presented. EXSENSEL (expert system based sensor selection) deals with 12 process variables and currently has 94 rules in its knowledge base. Despite its large knowledge base, users have to answer a set of only a few questions regarding a particular process variable, which is selected from a menu of 12 variables. A general description of the chosen process variable can be viewed before invoking the rules. Once a sensor has been selected, a brief write up on that particular sensor is also available on user's request. EXSENSEL is the successor to TRANSELEX, which is a single expert system for selection of transducers in the area of temperature, pressure, and flow measurement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270190510
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum fluid density functional theory of time-dependent processes (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 69 (1998), S. 279-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: quantum fluid density functional theory ; quantum theory of motion ; time-dependent processes ; electronegativity ; hardness ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A quantum fluid density functional theory has been developed through an amalgamation of the quantum fluid dynamics and the time-dependent density functional theory. It is used in studying typical time-dependent processes like ion-atom collisions and atom-field interaction. Temporal evolution of chemical reactivity parameters as electronegativity, hardness, entropy, and polarizability is monitored for a He atom in its ground and excited states interacting with an external electric field and an incoming proton. It is observed that these reactivity parameters either remain static or oscillate with the external field in the atom-field interaction case, whereas during the collision process, hardness and entropy maximize and polarizability minimizes for both the electronic states of the atom. The possibility of a quantum theory of motion within the purview of this quantum fluid density functional framework is also explored.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 279-291, 1998
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studien über Dehydrogenierung, I (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 151 (1938), S. 82-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19381510204
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. XXI. β-Calcium-poly(L-glutamate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1565-1594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The observed Raman and ir spectra of Ca-poly(L-glutamate) in the β conformation have been analyzed by means of a normal mode calculation. The force field for the main chain was transferred without refinement from β-poly(L-alanine), yet it provides a good prediction of the observed bands and, in particular, explains subtle differences in the spectra of these two β-sheet structures. Main- and side-chain modes are well characterized, and the dependence of the amide III frequency on side-chain composition is again demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230811
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamic mechanical study on unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 831-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fiber-reinforced polymer composites show high specific strength and stiffness. The alignment of reinforcing fibers results in anisotropy of the material. This anisotropic behavior has been studied through dynamic mechanical analysis of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene (CFRPP) composites measured in both parallel and transverse directions to fiber arrangement. Several parameters such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), loss factor or damping factor (tan δ), and complex viscosity (MU*) have been determined over a wide range of frequencies and at a fixed temperature. Relaxation and retardation spectra have been constructed for these composites. Modulus enhancement occurs due to stiffness imparted by the fiber and efficient stress transfer at the interface. Relaxation of the polymer matrix ceases with increase in the volume fraction of the fibers. α′-relaxation is observed for the composite having a 13% volume fraction of fibers and is ascribed to relaxation in the crystalline phase where the additional crystallinity arises out of the transcrystalline growth at the fiber-matrix interface. There exists a good correlation between theroretical curves with the experimental ones. Relaxation and retardation spectra and the dynamic parameters determined for these composites show a good correlation with the volume fraction of fibers as well as the direction of the applied load. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510506
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