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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongational flow studies on DNA in aqueous solution and stress-induced scission of the double helix (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 911-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Elongational flow techniques are used to investigate the birefringent response and flow-induced molecular scission of monodisperse phage-DNA samples in aqueous solution. A 4-roll mill apparatus was used to characterize the solutions ac low stain rates, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} ≤ 300 s-1, and the opposed jets apparatus used to study fracture of the DNA molecules at strain rates up to 15 × 103 S-1. The molecular weight values were measured before and after fracture in elongational flow using the high-resolution technique of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The birefringent response incorporates both rigid and flexible components. The birefringence is nonlocalized and rises gradually to a plateau value, similar to rigid-rod behavior. In addition a certain minimum value in the strain rate is necessary, an onset value \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document}0, before the signal appears, indicating a flexible component. This behavior is consistent with a hinged-rod model and is similar to that observed for the protein collagen molecule at elevated temperature. We propose that this type of behavior is likely for multistrand rope-like macromolecules where localized separation or partial untwisting of the intertwined chains occurs, creating temporary hinges, in accordance with biochemical evidence for sequence-specific sites of flexibility. Results are presented on the entanglement effects at high concentrations. We have calculated rotational diffusion rates as a function of concentration and molecular weight. Using PFGE to measure the molecular weight profiles, our fracture studies at high strain rates demonstrate chain halving and quartering in accordance with the predictions of the thermally activated barrier to scission theory for single-chain polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360320803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and thermomechanical stability of DNA in solution (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 1483-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an analysis of the response of native DNA solutions to well-defined elongational flow fields. At low strain rates the DNA duplex behaves as an expanded coil. It shows a noncritical coil-stretch transition, suggesting relatively little hysteresis of the relaxation time. On the other hand, the relaxation time is consistent with a nonfree draining coil. At higher strain rates we observe midpoint scission. This has been modeled very successfully as a thermomechanically activated process. Scission occurs at hydrolyzable weak linkages along the constituent strands. Complete scission of the DNA helix is, however, considerably less prevalent than would be expected given the low stability of the constituent strands. We speculate upon the molecular origin and biological consequences of this enhanced stability. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360341106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The functional anatomy of the forelimb of some african viverridae (Carnivora) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 307-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The functional morphology of the forelimbs of the following African Viverridae was studied, Atilax paludinosus, Bdeogale crassicauda, Civettictis civetta, Genetta genetta, G. tigrina, Helogale parvula, Herpestes ichneumon, H. sanguineus, Ichneumia albicauda, Mungos mungo, Nandinia binotata. Their locomotory behaviour has been previously studied and described and is related to morphological differences. The osteology of all the species and the myology of three species is described. The species have been assigned to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their locomotion. These are 1, climbing, arboreal walking; 2, arboreal and terrestrial walking and jumping; 3, general terrestrial walking and scrambling; and 4, trotting. In the climbing arboreal walking category the most distinctive morphological adaptations are powerful flexors and extensors as well as a flexible plantigrade manus with retractile claws. In the arboreal and terrestrial walking category the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints are flexible and the manus has retractile claws, though the flexor and extensor musculature is insufficiently developed for controlled climbing. The trotting category is characterised by a high humero-radial index and a rigid antibrachium. The foot is digitigrade with the claws short and stout. Species in the general walking and scrambling category show many differences in the morphology of their feet, even though the proximal parts of the forelimb appear similar. Due to the restricted nature of the adaptations, these species have been assigned to secondary locomotor categories. Morphological characters typical of the locomotor categories are summarized in the discussion.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051430305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of some african viverridae (Carnivora) (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 148 (1976), S. 227-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of 12 species of viverrids was studied with relation to locomotion. The animals were allocated to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their anatomy and locomotion.The climbing, arboreal walking category (Nandinia binotata) is characterized by a small sacroiliac articulation, the iliopsoas inserts onto a medially located lesser trochanter and the femoral condyles are not posteriorly placed. The hindfoot is plantigrade and its structure permits considerable movement. The pads are soft and the claws retractile.Representatives of the arboreal and terrestrial walking and jumping category (Genetta genetta, G. servalina, G. tigrina) have a plantigrade forefoot and digitigrade hindfoot. The lesser trochanter is more posteriorly placed than in the climbing category. A previously undescribed muscle, the caudofemoralis profundus extends from several anterior caudal vertebrae to the femur. The tibio-astragular joint restricts supination of the foot. There is little mediolateral movement in the digitigrade foot. The claws are retractile.In the general terrestrial walking and scrambling group (Helogale parvula, Mungos mungo, Atilax paludinosus, Bdeogale crassicauda, Herpestes ichneumon, H. sanguineus) the animals have essentially similar hindlimbs except for size differences and modifications to the feet. Helogale and Mungos have large medial epicondyles on the humerus and large terminal phalanges. Bdeogale has a vestigial first metatarsal, while Atilax can splay its digits. In all species the distal phalanges are non retractile.The trotting category (Civettictis civetta. Ichneumia albicauda) is characterized by longer epipodials and metapodials and a more proximal position of muscle bellies. Most of the adaptations minimize rotation, adduction and abduction of the leg and supination of the foot. The metatarsals are closely adjoined and the distal phalanx is stout and non -retractile.There appear to be two levels of locomotory adaptation. Major adaptations affect the whole appendicular skeleton and are used to assign animals to primary locomotor categories. Minor adaptations occur mainly in the foot and indicate the more specific habits of the animal.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051480208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear-induced structure in flowing polymer melts (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1986.140240205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pepsin immobilized on inorganic supports for the continuous coagulation of skim milk (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 683-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The milk-clotting enzyme pepsin was immobilized onto beads of alumina, titania, glass, stainless steel, iron oxide, and Teflon for treating skim milk in a fluidized-bed reactor. Two covalent attachment procedures using silanized supports and glutaraldehyde and two adsorption procedures were evaluated. The three best catalysts were titania and glass, using the covalent attachment procedure, and alumina, using the adsorption procedure at pH 1.2. The pepsin adsorbed on alumina catalyst has commercial potential compared to the previously used glass catalyst. Attempts to increase the stability of pepsin adsorbed on alumina by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde were unsuccessful owing to the low pH necessary for optimum pepsin adsorption. Desorption of pepsin from alumina during reactor operation was determined. Regeneration of spent catalysts was only partially successful.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of convective heat transfer and phase change on the stability of aluminium smelting cells (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1459-1465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper focuses on two aspects of smelting operation that are highly dependent on the rate of heat transfer in the molten bath. As a consequence of the elevated temperature and the corrosive nature of the fluoride mixture, the cell sidewalls are designed so that some electrolyte will freeze onto them, protecting the carbon from erosion and at the same time insulating the cell against excessive heat loss. The thickness and dynamic variation of this frozen ledge are determined by the convective heat transfer from the bath to the freeze surface.Another situation where the rate of convective heat flow exerts a subtle influence is the dissolution of aluminium oxide powder in the bath. The localized feeding of large quantities of the powder causes transient electrolyte freezing on some of the added material, hindering its dissolution and causing the formation of an alumina sludge below the molten aluminium pad.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongational flow studies on type IV collagen: Comparison with type I (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 897-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Elongational flow techniques have been used to investigate the birefringent response of monodisperse type IV collagen in dilute solution and the results compared with type I. collagen. A four-roll mill apparatus was used to characterize the solutions at low strain rates, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot{\varepsilon}$\end{document} ≥ 300 s-1. The birefringence is nonlocalized and rises gradually to a plateau value, in accordance with rigid-rod behavior. The gradients of the tangent to the curves at zero strain rate are estimated for types IV and I collagen. The concentrations of the solutions used were in the dilute to semidilute regimes. Using a value of 300 nm for the length of type I collagen, values of 364-408 nm were calculated for the length of the type IV collagen molecule, depending on the concentration regime chosen, which is consistent with biochemical predictions based on a rigid molecule. The results imply that the behavior of type IV collagen molecules in solution is similar to type I collagen, despite the presence of several sequence interruptions in the type IV helix. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360330605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-initiated inverse emulsion polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1385-1390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The radiation-induced inverse emulsion polyerization of vinylpyrrolidone using an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon and nonionic emulsifier blend is described. High molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (1 million to 2 million Mv) was readily obtained at rapid polmerization rates (Rp ∼ 10-35 mol 1-1 s-1) to high conversions (90-95%). The polydispersity of the polymer varied from 2.6 to 4.4, suggesting that chain transfer to the polymer had occurred. Adding a polymeric surfactant to the nonionic blend modified the polymerization rate and particle-size distribution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characterization of polystyrene oligomers by field-desorption mass spectrometry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Field-desorption mass spectrometry has been used to characterize polystyrene oligomers of molecular weight up to 15 000 Da. The technique shows good agreement with molecular weight data calculated using vapour-phase osmometry and gel-permeation chromatography but in addition provides much more detailed information in terms of oligomer distribution and the nature of end groups present in the oligomers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040913
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