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  • Articles  (18)
  • Chemistry  (18)
  • FACILITIES, RESEARCH, AND SUPPORT
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (18)
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  • Articles  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of the isotacticity of polypropylene in the 90-100% range by infrared spectroscopyPresented as a paper before the Meeting of the American Chemical Society Division of Polymer Chemistry, September 1963, in New York City. At that time this laboratory was the Research Center of the Spencer Chemical Company. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An infrared method has been developed for the determination of the isotacticity of polypropylene in the 90-100% range. The method requires the annealing of thin films at 165-167°C. for 3 hr. in an inert atmosphere, followed by slow cooling to room temperature. For approximate answers the ratio of the intensity of the 10.00 μ band to that of the 10.27 μ band can be reported as the fraction of isotactic material. Better results are obtained, however, by using Figure 2 as a calibration curve and reading the values from it.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric systems for acoustic damping. I. Poly(vinyl chloride)-segmented polyether ester blends (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 3099-3109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of six Hytrel/PVC blends were prepared by solution blending Hytrel in methylene chloride and PVC in tetrahydrofuran. The samples were subsequently prepared in sheet form by hot pressing at 170°C. Physical and mechanical properties of the homopolymers and the blends were investigated. The copolyester homopolymer is a partly crystalline elastomeric material. The level of crystallinity was measured by x-ray diffraction and the sensitivity of this level to heat treatments and quenching determined by DSC. A Morgan pulse propagation meter was used to measure sonic velocity and, indirectly, acoustic impedance of the blends. Dynamic mechanical studies indicated that blends containing 25%-50% by weight of Hytrel were completely compatible in the sense that a single glass transition was observed; but as the Hytrel level was increased to 60% and 65%, a shoulder became apparent on the low-temperature side of the glass transition peak. At 80% Hytrel, two peaks were observed, indicating incompatibility. The glass transition temperatures of these blends were found to decrease linearly with added Hytrel.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070211121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous polymer systems. I. Torsional modulus studies (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 580-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Torsional modulus-temperature data have been obtained on heterogeneous polymer compositions prepared by several procedures. Both the state of aggregation of the component chain molecules and their degree of compatibility are significant variables. Modulus curves similar to those for crystalline polymers can be obtained from incompatible polymers having glass temperatures sufficiently far apart. Detailed interpretations are presented for modulus curves of both individual homopolymers and bicomponent heterogeneous polymer mixtures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility studies on polyacrylate and polymethacrylate systems (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The predicted general incompatibility of mixtures of polymers has been further confirmed. Thirty-one mixtures of homopolymer pairs showed phase separation in a common solvent. These included closely related polymers such as polyacrylates with both polymethacrylates and other polyacrylates and pairs of different polymethacrylates. Typical immiscible combinations are PMA/PEA and PEMA and PEMA/PMMA. It was also found that the presence of a common monomer constituent did not result in complete compatibility of either a homopolymer with a copolymer or a mixture of two copolymers. Apparently, none of the combinations tried were sufficiently similar to result in heats of interaction small enough to be counteracted by the small entropy change involved. Since another possibility for attaining miscibility is through polar interactions, the effects of ionic and hydrogen-bonding substituents upon polymer-polymer compatibility were considered, and selected experiments were done on a series of carboxyl-containing polymers and their sodium salts. It was concluded that hydrogen bridging occurs preferentially either intramolecularly or between polymer and solvent rather than between two different types of chains each having hydrogen-bonding ability. Thus, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) show two-phase separation in water. Although poly(sodium acrylate) and poly(sodium methacrylate) are completely miscible, mixtures of the partially neutralized acids, e.g., PAA and PNaMA mixtures, show separation. In contrast to predictions for less polar polymers, compatibility of mixtures of polymers containing high mole fractions of carboxylic acid monomers showed a pronounced dependence upon solvent. Thus, the two copolymers 45/53 EA-MAA and 47/53 MMA-MAA are incompatible in methanol or ethanol but form homogeneous solutions in DMF or DMS.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051514
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PBI powder processing to performance parts (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 485-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new route (“direct forming”) was developed for forming dense PBI shapes from PBI powder. The new process affords the possibility of automated PBI powder shaping (“cold compaction”) and densification in batches of multiple parts by a “powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing” process. Direct forming is a more productive alternative to hot compression molding. Two developments enable PBI direct forming: (1) the discovery that PBI powders that are porous and plasticized with moisture can be shaped by compaction at ambient temperatures (cold-compacted), and (2) a finding that cold-compacted shapes can be densified in large batches by a powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing. The porous PBI powder is formed from PBI in solution by a spray-precipitation process. When plasticized with moisture, this powder is cold-compactible to PBI shapes with densities up to 94% of that of ultimate density of PBI. These shapes, which have sufficient strength to be handled, are then further consolidated via powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing to shapes with excellent thermal and mechanical properties and densities of about 99% of the ultimate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of type and amount of comonomer on the properties of four copolymers of ethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plastics industry is now coming to realize that copolymers are unique thermoplastics which have broad areas of application. It is believed that ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers of 2 melt index may be extrusion coated to paper by a cap-coat process or by use of a chill roll with an adhesive coating. Copolymers of ethylene and vinyl monomers can be made into film by the same methods used for polyethylene. Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymers may be processed on a wide range of molding equipment. Table VII in the article gives a list of applications for each polymer, along with expected physical properties.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoresist development by plasma (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1093-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Over the past several years the semiconductor industry has placed major efforts into replacing wet processes with dry processes in fabricating electronic devices. Plasma photoresist stripping, plasma cleaning, and other dry etching techniques have replaced wet methods in many product lines. One area that has received little mention but which is vital toward achieving a totally dry manufacturing process is the dry development of photoresist. One production applicable plasma developable photoresist (PDF) process, using a proprietary resist formulation, is reported. Plasma process characterization, such as end point detection, development latitude, and mechanism are discussed. Included also are development temperature, batch film uniformity, and resolution currently obtainable with the PDF process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transparent barrier resins with high nitrile content (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2567-2577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of 30-49 wt-% nitrile group content on the properties of copolymers is demonstrated. The nitrile is furnished by either acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile. The exceptional resistance of such high nitrile content resins to the passage of gases and of solvents is shown and variations therein demonstrated for different comonomers. Transparent, tough, grafted polymers of good color are described which retain these properties. These qualities, combined with low second-order transition temperatures and adequate heat deflection temperatures, provide polymers of interest wherever containment and barrier are desired. Bottles, thermoformed containers, etc., could benefit from the use of some of the polymers described.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary and ternary blends of poly(vinyl chloride), hytrel, and a polyurethane (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3467-3473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Binary blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and a poly(ether urethane) containing 20 and 40 weight percent, respectively, of poly(vinyl chloride) have been prepared by solution blending from tetrahydrofuran and their degree of mixing investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. In the polyurethane, transitions were found at -19°C and -119°C. The former was attributed to the glass transition and the latter to a Schatzki type of motion of the polyether sequences. This latter transition occurred at a temperature which is higher than the literature value for the low temperature transition in poly(tetrahydrofuran), which is equivalent to the polyether sequence in the polyurethane. This discrepancy is attributed to the influence of neighboring hard segments present because of incomplete segmental phase separation of the polyurethane. For the blends only one very broad transition was observed, indicating that there was substantial mixing of these two polymers. Three ternary blends were prepared, also by solution blending, containing poly(vinyl chloride), Hytrel, and the polyurethane in the ratios 1:1:1, 1:2:1, and 2:1:1, respectively. In the first two blends there was clear evidence of phase separation. It was only in the 2:1:1 blend that an apparently significantly compatible material resulted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous polymer systems. II. Characterization of graft copolymers of styrene on polyethyl acrylate (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The isolation of two graft copolymers of styrene on polyethyl acrylate from the ungrafted homopolymers by solvent extraction procedures is discussed. For the grafts and their corresponding mixtures ηsp/c versus c plots were determined, and no anomalies were observed. Qualitative data on the solubilities and phase properties of the grafts are given. Torsional modulus-temperature curves are shown for graft copolymer and the individual homopolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070106
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