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  • Chemistry  (210)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (132)
  • Extraterrestrial Environment  (22)
  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Asteroid Rendezvous: NEAR Shoemaker's Adventures at Eros, Chapter 8
    Format: text
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The variable-temperature proton nmr spectra of the oligoribonucleotides in the series CpApX and the series ApGpX, X = A, G, C, U, together with the parent dimers CpA and ApG have been measured. A complete analysis of all the nonexchangeable base proton resonances and ribose H-1′ proton resonances was made. The presence of trends in the shielding abilities of the various bases at both the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor positions were identified. The observed shieldings could be used to predict the chemical shifts of protons in related systems. Based on the empirical results from ribodinucleoside monophosphates, the temperature-dependent behavior of the J1′2′ coupling constants of the triribonucleotides suggested that the compounds in the CpApX series stacked from the 5′-end to the 3′-end, while those in the ApGpX series stacked from the 3′-end to the 5′-end.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 67-81 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Standard epoxy resins have good mechanical properties, but their prolonged low temperature curing time limits their potential use in clinical applications as well as in many industrial applications. A fast-curing epoxy-episulfide resin has been developed. The gel time of epoxy-episulfide made from EPONTrade mark of Shell Chemical Company. 828 ranges from 2 to 10 minutes by changing the ratio of the ingredients. The heat of reaction of this system is low, resulting in low cure shrinkage. Water absorption of the episulfide network is low. The epoxy-episulfide system cured with polyamide curing agent V-40 exhibits two transition temperatures, at about 85°C and 130°C, as shown in dynamic mechanical analysis data. In order to solve the long term stability problem of the above episulfides, and also the mixing problem, a lower viscosity resin, Eponex, was used to make Eponex-sulfide. Eponex-sulfide systems show promise in that they remain in a stable liquid form without epoxy. The other advantages appear to be retained.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The exo- and endo-irontricarbonyl complexes of 5,6-dimethylidene-2-exo-norbornyl alcohols 10x, 10n, p-bromobenzenesulfonates 11x, 11n, acetate 12x and of the 2,3-dimethylidene-7-anti-norbornyl alcohols 17x, 17n, p-bromobenzenesulfonates 19x, 19n and acetates 20x, 20n have been prepared. The SN1 buffered acetolyses of 11x, 19x and 19n gave 12x, 20x and 20n, respectively (retention of configuration). The first-order rate constants of the acetolyses have been evaluated and compared with those of the acetolyses of the uncomplexed 5,6-dimethylidene-2-exo-norbornyl (14) and 2,3-dimethylidene-7-anti-norbornyl p-bromobenzenesulfonates (18). A rate retardation effect of ca. 1.5 · 105 was measured for 11x → 12x (65°) compared with the acetolysis of 14. The retardation effect is larger (〉 5 · 107) with 11n. Contrastingly, the acetolysis 19x → 20x was slightly accelerated with respect to that of the uncomplexed p-bromobenzenesulfonate 18. An unsignificant rate-retardation effect was measured for the acetolysis 19n → 20n. The results are interpreted in terms of competitive inductive destabilization and charge-induced dipole stabilizing interaction by the exocyclic diene-iron tricarbonyl fragment. PMO. arguments give a rationale for the difference in polarizability between the diene-Fe(CO)3 group in 19 and that in the endo-7-norbornadienyl-iron tricarbonyl system.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: O-Methylation of the optically active 3′-hydroxycoclaurines 3a and 3b and of the N-methylated analogs 5a,b with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-14C]methionine in presence of mammalian COMT was investigated in vitro. The N-unsubstituted (1S)- and (1R )-isomers 3a and 3b, respectively, afforded almost equal amounts of the corresponding N-norreticuline 4 and N-nororientaline 19, besides two unknown by-products (see Fig. and Table 1). The N-methylated (1S)-isoquinoline 5a, on the other hand, afforded largely (S)-orientaline ((S)-19), while an almost equal mixture of (R)-reticuline (6b) and (R)-orientaline ((R)-19) was obtained from the (1R)-enantiomer 5b. The isoquinolines 3a,b and 5a,b were prepared by a Bischler-Napieralski cyclization yielding O-benzyl-protected isoquinoline 10 (Scheme 1). The optical resolution of 10 was accomplished with 2′-bromotartranilic acid. The N-methylated isoquinolines were prepared by N-formylation of 10a,b and reduction of the formamides 13a,b with diborane (→ 14a,b). Deblocking of the benzyl-ether moieties of 10a,b and 14a,b was accomplished by catalytic hydrogenation in presence of HCl, affording directly 3a,b·HCl and 5a,b·HCl, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (±)-Norcoclaurine-1-carboxylic acid (5) and the derived dihydroisoquinolinone 6 (present as quinonemethide 6a at pH 7) afforded, on methylation with 14C-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the presence of mammalian catechol O-methyltransferase, exclusively the 7-O-methylated congeners 7 and 9, respectively. High stereoselectivity of the O-methylation was observed with (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-norcoclaurine (2a and 2b, resp.), affording 80% of 6-O-methylated isoquinoline 12 and 20% of the 7-O-methylated isomer 11 from 2a, and the reversed proportion of 12 and 11 from 2b. Synthesis of the reference amino acid 8 was achieved by Pictet-Spengler condensation of O-benzyl-protected dopamine 17 with benzyl-protected keto acid 20 (→ 21) followed by methylation with diazomethane (→22 + 23) and removal of the protecting groups by acid hydrolysis. It is considered unlikely that amino acids such as 5 constitute important precursors in the biosynthesis of isoquinolines related to reticuline.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1885-1890 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Element-Organic Amine/Imine Compounds, XXX1). - η2-Coordinated σ3-PhosphazenesThe interaction of [(dppe)Ni(η2-R2N—P=NR)] (1a), R = SiMe3, with Me3SiN3, S8, selenium, and N2CHR′ (R′ = CO2tBu) affords the compounds [(dppe)Ni(η2-R2N(RN=)P=X)] (2) with side-on coordination of the P=X fragment for 2a (X = NSiMe3), 2b (X = S) and 2c (X = Se) as well as η2-coordination of the P = NR fragment for 2d (X = N2CHR′). The reaction of 1a and CO gives 3 with η2 → η1 change of the R2N—P=NR ligand. The 2a, b analogous bpy-nickel complexes 5a and 5b are formed from the nickelaazadiphosphetidine derivative 4 with Me3SiN3 and S8, respectively. 5a can also be synthesized from [(byp)Ni(η2-R2N—P=NR)] (1b) and RN3 (R = SiMe3). The σ3 phosphorus atom of 4 is oxidized by N2CHR′ with formation of the nickelaazadiphosphetidine derivative 6. 2a has been characterized by an X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von [(dppe)Ni(η2-R2N—P=NR)] (1a), R = SiMe3, mit Me3SiN3, S8, Selen und N2CHR′ (R′ = CO2tBu) ergibt die Verbindungen [(dppe)Ni(η2-R2N(RN=)P=X)] (2) mit side-on-Koordination des P=X-Teiles bei 2a (X = NSiMe3), 2b (X = S) und 2c (X = Se) sowie η2-Koordination des P=NR-Teiles bei 2d (X = N2CHR′). Die Reaktion von 1a3 mit CO führt unter η2 → η1-Koordinationswechsel des R2N—P=NR-Liganden zu 3. Die zu 2a und 2b3 analogen bpy-Nickelkomplexe 5a und 5b bilden sich aus dem Nickelaazadiphosphetidin-Derivat 4 und Me3SiN3 bzw. S8. 5a entsteht auch aus [(bpy)Ni(η2-R2N—P=NR)] (1b) und RN3 (R = SiMe3). N2CHR′ oxidiert den σ3-Phosphor von 4 unter Bildung des Nickelaazadiphosphetidin-Derivates 6. 2a wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 377-388 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bond formation, C - C, metal-mediated ; Hexatrienediyl ligands ; hexadienediyl ligands ; Molybdenum complexes ; Tungsten complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoreaktion von (μ-η]2:2-Acetylen)tetracarbonylbis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)-dimolybdenum and -tungsten with Acetylene and 1,3-Butadiene[Mo2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)4(μ-η2:2-C2H2)] (1) and [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)4-(μ-η2:2-C2H2)] (2) react upon UV irradiation with acetylene, 1,3-butadiene, and isoprene. Main products of the reactions with acetylene are the fly-over complexes [M2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)2(η1:3:3:1-1,3,5-hexatriene-1,6-diyl)] (8: M = Mo; 9: M = W). There is some IR evidence for the formation of [Mo2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)(η5η1:4:1-1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl)] (10). In addition [Mo3(η5-C5H5)6(μ-η1:2-ethynyl)] (12) is obtained. 1 reacts with 1,3-butadiene with C - C bond formation to give [Mo2(η5-C5H5)2〉(CO)(μ-η1:2-CO)(μ-η1:2:3-1,5-hexadiene-1,4-diyl)] (15) and [Mo2(η5-C5H5)2 (CO)4[μ-η1:3-E,Z-2,4-hexadiene-1-ylidene)] (18). With isoprene [Mo2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)4[μ-η1:3-E,Z-5-methyl-2,4-hexadiene-1-ylidene)] (18a) is obtained. The reaction of 2 with 1,3-butadiene yields six complexes. Beside thermolabile [W2 [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO) (μ-η1:2:1-3-oxo-1-propene-1, 3-diyl)(η4-1,3-butadiene)] (21), (η5-C5H5)2(CO) (μ-η1:4-3-methylene-1,4-pentadiene-1-yl)] (20), the tungsten homologue of 15, [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO) (μ-η1:2:3-1,5-hexadiene-1,4-diyl)] (16), its isomer [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)2(μ-η1:2:3-1,5-hexadiene-1,4-diyl)] (23) with a W - W double bond, and [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)2(μ-η1:2:1-1,4-hexadiene-1,6-diyl)] (17) are isolated. Furthermore, [W2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)2 (μ-η1:2-vinylidene)] (11) is obtained. In solution 21 rearranges to 23. The crystal and molecular structures were determined for 15 and 18. The constitutions of the other products were deduced from the IR and 1H-NMR spectra.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 21 (1949), S. 202-202 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 605-609 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The static delamination behavior of graphite/epoxy composite specimens subjected to mode I tensile opening (using UDCBUniform double cantilever beam. specimens), and pure mode II shear loading (using ENFEnd-notched flexural. specimens) were studied. The graphite epoxy composites for the study were made from commercially treated fibers, with and without an electropolymerized interlayer. The mode I fracture energy (GIC) was found to be significantly higher (more than 50 percent) for the coated fibers. However, this improvement was accompanied by a high reduction (more than 3 times) in the mode II fracture energy (GIIC). This effect is apparently related to poor adhesion between the interlayer and the epoxy resin, which may be corrected by use of a “top layer” of appropriate composition to form chemical bonds between the phases. The fracture toughness (KIC) of composites made with commercially treated fibers was also evaluated, using double side-notched specimens.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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