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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1156-1162 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electrorheological fluids ; colloids ; rheodielectric spectroscopy ; light transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Structural relaxations of an electrorheological fluid (ERF) due to changes in the applied electrical field strength or shear rate are observed on time scales 1 s〈t〈40 000 s. Commercial ERFs consisting of mesoscopic polyurethane particles in a silicone oil matrix were studied by three different experimental techniques in order to obtain and compare the characteristic relaxation times. It is demonstrated that dielectric spectroscopy, viscosimetry and light transmission experiments represent the same results concerning the structural relaxation phenomena of ERFs when electrical fields are applied. The tendency of strong induced dipoles to align the particles in the direction of the field increases the effective dipole moment and therefore Δε, the shear viscosity ν and the amount of light transmitted along the field direction in an ITO/glass sandwich cell. The optical experiment is capable of resolving fast processes within the first 1 ms if large electrical fields are applied. The effects of electrophoresis and shearing, which both counteract the field induced structures, are also addressed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 848-856 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electrorheological fluids ; dielectric spectroscopy ; colloidal suspensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The technique of rheodielectric spectroscopy is used to investigate the dielectric behaviour of electrorheological fluids (ERF) as a function of external electrical DC-field and/or shear rate. Commercial ERF's consisting of mesoscopic polyurethane particles in a silicone oil matrix were studied. The particles contain a salt which leads to strong dipole moments via the Maxwell-Wagner-Polarization (MWP) if subjected to an external electrical field. In an electrical field the dipoles and, concomittantly, the particles motion become correlated leading to the formation of solid-like structures and significant changes in the viscosity. We demonstrate that dielectric spectroscopy is capable of monitoring the field and shear rate effects in terms of relaxation strength and relaxation time of the MWP. In electrical or shear fields dipole-dipole correlations increase the MWP's relaxation strength, so that we are able to observe structure formation with dielectric spectroscopy, especially the time resolved response of the ERF to changes in the electrical field or the shear rate.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1985), S. 189-214 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two effects are of outstanding importance for the mechanical behaviour of polymer-additive mixtures, (a) the plasticizer effect and (b) an effect, which we shall refer to as the “β-suppression” effect: Additives can suppress the secondary (β-) relaxations of the polymer. The β-suppression effect is studied on a number of polymers and additives (dynamic mechanical and dielectric measurements), the molecular motions involved are characterized (2H-NMR spectroscopy) and the thermal density fluctuations are measured (SAXS experiments). A model to explain the effect in terms of the free volume fluctuations is presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1972), S. 63-79 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of α,ω-dihalogeno-alkanes with sodium and a consecutive catalytic hydrogenation results in a mixture of paraffins with a discontinuous distribution of molecular weight. Starting with 1.10-dibromodecane only paraffins with 10, 20, 30 etc. carbon atoms are obtained, whereas 1.20-dibromoeicosane produces a mixture of paraffins with 20, 40, 60 etc. carbon atoms. These mixtures of paraffins were separated by gel chromatography into monodisperse compounds. The highest molecular paraffine thus obtained was C140H282.With C70H142 as an example the temperature dependence of the small angle X-ray diffraction has been measured. From the intensity and position of the long period reflexion the variation of three structure parameters could be ascertained, suited for the characterization of the lamellar structure.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von α,ω-Dihalogenalkanen mit Natrium führt nach anschließender katalytischer Hydrierung zu einem Paraffingemisch mit diskontinuierlicher Molekulargewichtsverteilung. So enthält das aus 1.10-Dibromdecan hergestellte Produkt nur Paraffine mit 10, 20, 30 usw. C-Atomen, ein aus 1.20-Dibromeicosan hergestelltes Produkt dagegen nur die Paraffine mit 20, 40, 60 usw. C-Atomen. Diese Paraffingemische wurden gelchromatographisch in die molekulareinheitlichen Verbindungen zerlegt und Paraffine bis C140H282 isoliert.Am Beispiel des C70H142 wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung gemessen. Aus Intensität und Lage der Langperiodenreflexe ließen sich die Änderungen von drei Strukturparametern ermitteln, die zur Charakterisierung der Lamellarstruktur geeignet sind.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 351-351 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 79 (1967), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 84 (1972), S. 363-363 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 551-562 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die im Röntgenkleinwinkeldiagramm von verstrecktem Polyäthylen auftretenden Meridian- Interferenzen werden durch eine nahezu periodische Anordnung von kristallinen und fehlgeordneten Bereichen hervorgerufen. Die durch den mittleren Abstand zweier aufeinanderfolgender Kristallite definierte Langperiode hängt von der Vorbehandlung ab. Zeit- und Temperaturabhängigkeit der Lage der Kleinwinkelreflexe wurde untersucht. Die beim Tempern stattfindende Umkristallisation, die zu einem Anwachsen der Langperiode führt, wurde auch mit anderen Meßmethoden verfolgt. Vergleichende Untersuchungen wurden an unverstrecktem, massivem Polyäthylen und an Polyäthylen-Einkristallen durchgeführt. Die Langperiode wächst in diesen Fällen nach dem gleichen Zeitgesetz wie bei verstreckten Folien. Bezüglich des Zusammenhanges zwischen Dichte und Langperiode ergaben sich jedoch charakteristische Unterschiede. Sie werden darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Ketten bei den Einkristallen und im schmelzkristallisierten Material an den Grenzflächen der Kristallite gefaltet sind, im verstreckten Polyäthylen dagegen nicht. Auf den Zusammenhang des Langperiodenwachstums mit anderen im gleichen Temperaturbereich beobachteten Vorgängen (partielles Schmelzen, Nachkristallisation wird hingewiesen).
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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