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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surfacefreeenergy ; modifiedcarbonfibers ; tensiometry ; work ofadhesion ; ESCA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Surface free energy of various carbon fibers was determined by tensiometric method in three different procedures. The dispersiveγ s d and the nondispersiveγ s p components were separately determined by contact angle measurements in two-phase system, formamide-n-alkanes. Theγ s p increased by oxidation and decreased by hydrogen reduction, while theγ s d remained almost constant.Theγ s p value determined from contact angle of water/ethyleneglycol solution tended to become higher. The critical surface free energy was in harmony with the total free energy determined from formamide-n-alkanes system as long as liquids were properly selected. The formation of oxygen-containing functional groups was evidenced by ESCA, and the surface [O]/[C] ratio was related linearly to the surface polarity defined byγ s p [γ s d +γ s p ] Oxidation in liquid phase resulted in the formation of both hydroxyls and carboxyls, while only hydroxyls were formed in gas phase. The interfacial shear strength of the fiber-epoxy resin could be closely correlated with thermodynamical work of adhesion calculated on the basis of surface free energy and its component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 675-682 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phenol-formaldehyde resin ; all-ortho oligomer ; intrinsic viscosity ; hydrogen bonds ; pseudo-cyclic conformation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three kinds of all-ortho methylene-linked phenolic oligomers, i.e., 4-tert-butylphenol (BP), phenol (AO), and O-methylated BP (BPM), were prepared with good yields and their dilute solution properties were studied. In acetone, all of these oligomers are highly solvated and molecularly dispersed. In chloroform, however, AO and BP molecules strongly form hydrogen bonds among themselves. By intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen-bondings, a large portion of the dimers and the trimers of AO and BP associate to form bimolecular aggregates in chloroform, assuming pseudo-cyclic conformations analogous to calix [4] arene and calix [6] arene, respectively. By intramolecular hydrogen-bonding, the tetramers and the hexamers also form pseudo-cyclic conformations by themselves in chloroform. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 62 (1962), S. S1 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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