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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 423-427 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Liquid crystalline polymers ; Blends ; Viscosity reduction ; Reinforcing action ; Microfibrillar morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Blends of polyarylate of bisphenol A, PAr, with two commercial main chain liquid crystalline polymers, Vectra A950 and Vectra B950, are studied. From dynamic viscoelastic measurements it is deduced that both systems (PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950) are immiscible and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show the presence of spherical domains of the liquid crystalline polymer when PAr constitutes the matrix. Extrusion capillary measurements reveal that, under conditions of temperature and shear rate similar to those of processing, the viscosity is reduced to approximately 10% of its value when the content of liquid crystalline polymer is only 20%. This great improvement of the rheological properties is observed in both PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950 blends. The effect of draw ratio on Young's modulus for different compositions is also analyzed, pointing out the reinforcing action of both liquid crystalline polymers on polyarylate: for instance, 20% of Vectra B950 in the blend gives rise to a 700% increase of the modulus of fibres prepared at a draw ratio of 50. SEM of the extrudates reveals that the spherical domains are elongated at the entrance of the capillary giving rise to a microfibrillar morphology which is related to the excellent rheological and mechanical properties of the blends.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 188-191 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheological and processing parameters have been measured for a commercial polystyrene at temperatures from 155°C to 210°C resulting in no clear evidence for the existence of liquidliquid transition. Zero shear viscosities obtained from dynamic measurements and ends corrections and extrudate swell from capillary rheometry are analyzed, with the conclusion that the mechanism of flow is the same throughout the range of temperatures considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Amides ; Chirality ; Clusters ; Copper ; Sodium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new heterometallic sodium(I)-copper(II) compound Na4Cu2 (2) · 10.5 H2O (3), where H8[2] stands for N,N′,N′′,N′′′-methanetetrayltetrakismethylenetetrakis(oxamic acid), has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 3 consists of cationic [Cu2(η4:η4-2)]4- dinuclear units, coordinated sodium cations, and water molecules. In the crystal, the dinuclear copper entities are joined through discrete aggregates of eight sodium atoms linked by oxamato and water bridges, leading to a three-dimensional polymeric network.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Nickel ; Amides ; Polynuclear complexes ; Magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New homo- and heterometallic hexanuclear complexes of formula {[Cu(tmen)(H2O)]2[Cu(tmen)]2[Cu2L](H2O)}(ClO4)4 ·2 H2O [Cu6-tmen] {[Cu(pmdien)]4[Cu2L]}(ClO4)4 · 4 H2O [Cu6-pmdien] and {[Ni(cyclam)]4[Cu2L]}(ClO4)4 · 4 H2O [Cu2Ni4-cyclam] [H8L = tetrakis(aminomethylene)methanetetrakis(oxamic acid), tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, pmdien = N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, and cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] have been synthesized. The crystal structure of [Cu6-tmen] has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of cationic {[Cu(tmen)(H2O)]2[Cu(tmen)]2[Cu2L](H2O)}4+ hexanuclear units. The hexanuclear cation is made up of two symmetry-related oxamato-bridged trinuclear units connected through the central carbon atom C(6) of the L8- ligand. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (1.8-300 K) have been performed for these series of complexes including the dinuclear precursors of formula Na4[Cu2L] · 10.5 H2O [Cu2-Na], (NMe4)4[Cu2L] · 4 H2O [Cu2-NMe4] and (PPh4)4[Cu2L] · 6 H2O [Cu2-PPh4]. The magnetic data have been interpreted. Evidence of a weak intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction between the two CuII ions in [Cu2L]4- has been observed. For the hexanuclear species, the interaction through the oxamato bridge was found to be equal to -6790, -2650, and -1643 yJ (-342, -133, and -82 cm-1) for [Cu6-tmen], [Cu6-pmdien], and [Cu2Ni4-cyclam], respectively. In these complexes, the weak intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling between the two CuII ions within the dinuclear synthon was masked by intermolecular interactions or local anisotropy.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Amides ; Nickel ; Polynuclear complexes ; Radicals ; Redox chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new bimetallic nickel(II) compound (PPh4)4[Ni2(2)]·6H2O (3), where H8[2] stands for N,N′,N′′,N′′′-1,2,4,5-benzene-tetrayltetrakis(oxamic acid), has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 3 consists of [Ni2(η4:η4-2)]4- anions, tetraphenylphosphonium cations, and water molecules. Facile one-electron oxidation of the square-planar diamagnetic dinickel(II) complex [Ni2(η4:η4-2)]4- generates the metallo-radical species [Ni2(η4:η4-2·+)]3- with characteristic intra-ligand π-cation radical transitions in the visible region (475-550 nm) as well as a typical quasi-isotropic EPR signal at g ≈ 2.0.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 911-917 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Steady-state and transient shear flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated polyethylene dissolved in dioctyl phthalate were studied at different temperatures and polymer concentrations. In the case of poly(vinyl chloride)/dioctyl phthalate systems the presence of a sol-gel transition temperature was observed, whereas for chlorinated polyethylene/dioctyl phthalate systems the mechanism of flow was the same in the whole range of temperatures and concentrations. On the basis of the data obtained for both polymer/solution systems, we conclude that the presence of crystallites, rather than hydrogen bonds, determines the rheological behavior of poly(vinyl chloride)/dioctyl phthalate systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1129-1136 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The flow properties of concentrated solutions of polyarylate from bisphenol A/50:50 isophthalic acid: terephthalic acid in m-cresol are studied. The results are discussed in terms of critical concentration Cc and critical molecular weight Mc for the onset of entanglements. Values of Cc = 8,2 wt.-% and Mc ≈ 3500 are obtained. The dependence of the Newtonian viscosities with temperature allows to obtain different energies of activation of flow for each polyarylate/m-cresol system, ranging from 9 to 13 kcal/mol (= 37,7 to 54,4 kJ/mol). The following free-volume-additivity equation is proposed to fit these data: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ E_{\rm a} = \frac{{V_{\rm p} \cdot \alpha _{\rm p} \cdot E_{{\rm ap}} + V_{\rm d} \cdot \alpha _{\rm d} \cdot E_{{\rm ad}} }}{{V_{\rm p} \cdot \alpha _{\rm p} + V_{\rm d} \cdot \alpha _{\rm d} }} $\end{document} where Ea, Eap, and Ead are the activation energies of the solution, the polymer and the solvent, respectively. Vp and Vd are the polymer volume fraction and the diluent volume fraction, respectively, and αp and αd represent the differences between the volume coefficients of expansion above and below the corresponding glass transition temperatures for the polymer and the solvent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 527-532 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Centaurea paui ; Sesquiterpenes ; Heliangolides ; Elemanolides ; Terpenoids ; Natural products ; Phytochemistry ; Lactones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aerial parts of Centaurea paui afforded, in addition to several known sesquiterpene lactones, the two new elemanolides 2-4, the new elemane derivative 5 as well as the five new heliangolides 14-18. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially high-field NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the heliangolide 12 previously isolated from this plant, has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 134 (1985), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige Aspekte des viskoelastischen Verhaltens von 10 Blends von Polypropylen und langverzweigtem Polyethylen wurden untersucht. Messungen der Scherviskosität sind bei Temperaturen von 180-220°C und bei Scherraten von 1 - 1 000 s-1 durchgeführt worden. Die Elastizität wurde in Form der Strangaufweitung, des Anfangsdruckverlustes und der Schrumpfeffekte untersucht. Die auffallendsten Ergebnisse sind die enormen Schrumpfeffekte, die an Extrudaten bei 180°C beobachtet wurden; für einige Blendzusammensetzungen erreicht die Abnahme der Anfangslänge der Probe einen Wert von 800%.
    Notes: Some aspects of the viscoelastic behaviour of 10 blends of polypropylene and long branched polyethylene have been studied. Shear viscosity measurements have been carried out at temperatures from 180 to 220°C and shear rates from 1 s-1 to 1 000 s-1. The elasticity has been studied in terms of the extrudate swell, entrance pressure losses, and shrinkage effects. The most striking results are the enormous shrinkage effects observed on the extrudates at 180°C: for some blend compositions the reduction of the initial length of the sample attains a value of 800%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 1871-1880 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic viscoelastic measurements on poly(vinyl chloride)/dioctyl phthalate gels have been carried out in parallel-plate shear mode. Two transitions are observed: the well-known gel-sol transition at temperature Tf, which probably corresponds to the beginning of fusion of crystalities, and a transition, at a temperature below Tf, denoted as Ts and corresponding to phase separation. The sub(gel-sol) Ts temperature is manifested as the transition from the first plateau zone to a second plateau in log G' versus temperature plots. Other techniques like polarizing microscopy and DSC measurements are not adequate for the detection of Ts.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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