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  • Chemistry  (82)
  • China  (53)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (32)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ToF SIMS study of the desorption of emulsifiers from polystyrene latexes (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The desorption of emulsifiers from the particle surface of polystyrene latexes prepared by emulsion polymerization has been studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF SIMS). Two polystyrene latexes prepared with respectively sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate as emulsifiers were compared. It has been shown that the quasi-molecular, parent ions and the characteristic fragments of the emulsifiers can easily be observed in positive and negative ToF SIMS. But these ions are more sensitive in the negative mode. The results have shown that after extensive purification with mixed-bed ion-exchange resins, the emulsifier was totally absent on the latex prepared with sodium dodecyl sulphate and that only traces of the emulsifier exist on the latex prepared with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate. These results suggest that strong acid emulsifiers can be desorbed by mixed-bed ion-exchange resins.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210611
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS. Part II: Comparison between different quantitative approaches for two different spectrometers - determination of the contamination-reduced thickness, application of the determined transmission functions and accuracy achievedPresented at the Seventh International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, 8-11 September 1992. (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first principles model (FPM) has been compared with other quantitative approaches by using many standard samples. As a first step, the applicability of the theoretical dependence of IC 1s/ICKVV on the reduced thickness (x) of a hydrocarbon surface contamination layer was checked and shown to be approximately correct only in the middle range of x. A semi-empirical relation between IC 1s/ICKVV and x has been developed. The advantage of this relation over that previously developed in the literature is that the transmission function of our spectrometer is well characterized. The reduced thickness calculated using this semi-empirical relation has been shown to be close to the real value. The comparison of atomic ratios calculated using these quantitative approaches has shown that the best approach is the FPM. For the samples investigated in this work, the introduction of the anisotropy parameter L is not necessary: in most cases, the influence of L is smaller than the observed errors; and in certain cases where the difference of L values is large, more consistent results are obtained when L is ignored. The FPM approach provides consistent results not only when an inter-comparison is made between different spectrometers but also when, within a given machine, the analysis conditions are varied. The accuracy of this approach is relatively good (with errors 〈15%) and holds true even when comparing peaks separated by more than 1000 eV. Finally, the comparison of results obtained with different previously determined transmission functions has allowed us to test the applicability of the methods used for the determination of these transmission functions (see Part I).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical rotatory dispersion of mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharide-dye complexes (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 3 (1965), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anomalous optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) is induced in symmetric dyes when bound in metachromatic complexes with chondroitin sulfates (ChS) and kerato sulfate (KS) from mammalian and shark origin as well as with heparin (H) providing inference that secondary structures exist in these biopolymers. The induced rotation occurs in the absorption band of the bound dye and differs in shape and/or spectral position from the classical Cotton effect seen with single optically active chromophores. The AO:ChS complex has an induced ORD curve similar to that of the exciton band of a helical polymer. Strength of the induced rotations with methylene blue increases with the degree of metachromasy of the 1:1 complex. The sense of the MB Cotton effects may depend upon the conformations of the repeating dimeric units, since MB complexes with ChS (alternating 1-3,1-4 β-glycosides) give (+) effects while MB:H (1-4 α-glycosides) have (-) effects in the γ band region. Preliminary evidence for the occurrence of Cotton effects with the mucopolysaccharides themselves in the ultraviolet region was obtained. The sign of the Cotton effect for ChS-C is (-), trough about 45.9 kK., crossover about 48.8 kK. whereas that for H is (+), peak about 50.4 kK.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360030603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical rotatory dispersion of mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharide-dye complexes. II. Ultraviolet cotton effects in the amide transition bands (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultraviolet optical rotatory dispersion curves of mucopolysaccharides exhibit particular Cotton effects in the spectral region of the n-π and π-π amide transitions. Two general patterns emerge: (1) enhancement of negative rotation and of the first negative Cotton effect (troughs 217-220 mμ) and (2) relative dominance of the positive Cotton effect in the π-π transition region (peak ∼198 mμ). Groups (1) and (2) can be correlated with a structural difference in the linkages of the amino sugars: (1) occurs with polymers containing 3-1-linked glycosamino sugars and (2) with glycosamino moieties linked 4-1 by either α- or β-glycosidie bonds. Measurements of the circular dichroic absorption bands support the qualitative conclusions from optical rotation. All mucopolysaccharides exhibit a first, negative band centered at 208-211 mμ, while only those in group (2) show, in addition, a positive band centered at 189-192 mμ. A suggested unifying model considers that difference in kind and/or degree of preferred geometry of the amide groups obtains from two forms of secondary order: (1) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2)O - H of the preceding uronic acid and (2) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2 or 3) O - H of the following sugar. The hydrogen bonds would have similar strength but opposite directions in two systems towards the nonreducing end (1) or towards the reducing end (2)], closing eight-membered rings
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360070204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helical conformations in acidic polysaccharides in solution (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2625-2631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360111218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical rotary dispersion of mucopolysaccharides III. Ultraviolet circular dichroism and conformation al specificity in amide groups (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 10 (1971), S. 739-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The circular dichroism of glycosaminoglycans and ganglioside in distilled water are described, showing two bands in the region of amide and carboxyl transitions. The first, negative hand is common to all polymers and the amino sugar derivatives. The characteristics of the second band depend upon polymer structure. Those containing 4-1-linked amino sugars show a second, positive, resolved band about 190 mμ, while those with 3-1-linked amino sugars show a second, negative band less resolved from the first usually ≤185mμ, but clearly centered at 188mμ for dermatan sulfate. Ultraviolet optical absorption from 300 to ∼183 mμ showed inflection regions around 190 mμ for most compounds.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360100411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of the (±)-Pentalenolactone E Methyl Ester by Catalytic ‘Palladium-Ene Cyclization’/Methoxycarbonylation (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bicyclic alcohol (±)-2, an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of the methyl ester 1 of pentalenolactone E, has been synthesized in nine operations starting from aldehyde 7. The key step 6 → 9 is a Pd-catalyzed, tandem intramolecular alkyne allylation/carbonylation reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19910740302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Taguchi influence on designed experiments (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Taguchi ; Robust design ; Design of experiments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper is intended to convey the essence of Taguchi's design approach to chemists and others with an interest in chemometrics. Although most Taguchi-style applications worldwide have been in electronics and in elaborately transformed manufactures, examples are increasingly found in chemical processes and in the food industry.Foremost among Taguchi's contributions is the concept of designing processes and products to be robust to the uncontrollable environmental influences which they experience during their operation or lifetime. This concept is explained with a worked example.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical thinking and technique for QSAR and related studies. Part II: Specific methods (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Discriminant analysis ; Least squares ; Prediction ; Regression ; Relationship ; Structure ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twenty-two contrasting statistical methods are reviewed for their applicability to QSAR studies and similar prediction-oriented fields. Each method is concisely specified prior to explanatory or critical comment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Simple analysis’ versus ‘obscure phenomena’ (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090308
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