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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Hot Corrosion by MgSO4 and BaSO4 and its potential dependence (1984)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition der sulfat-induzierten Heißgaskorrosion durch MgSO4 und BaSO4 und ihre PotentialabhängigkeitElektrochemische Korrosionsuntersuchungen wurden mit IN 100 in einer Schmelze aus (Mol-%) 90 Na2SO4—10 K2SO4 mit verschiedenen Zusätzen an MgSO4 und BaSO4 bei 1173 K durchgeführt, um die Inhibition dieser Verbindungen und ihre Potentialabhängigkeit zu untersuchen. Es wurden sowohl potentiostatisch kontrollierte als auch Versuche beim Freien Korrosionspotential mit Messung des Polarisationswiderstandes durchgeführt.Die Inhibition von MgSO4 ist stark potentialabhängig. Bei negativen Potentialen, bei denen in elektrochemischen Nebenreaktionen Sauerstoffionen gebildet werden, wird MgO auf der Werkstoffoberfläche abgeschieden und teilweise in die Zunderschicht eingebaut. Diese MgO-reiche Zunderschicht ist beständig gegen basischen Aufschluß, weil MgO in basischen Schmelzen unlöslich ist. Bei positiven Potentialen, bei denen durch Entladen von SO4-Ionen die Säure SO3 entsteht, wird keine oder nur sehr geringe Inhibition gefunden.Zusätze von BaSO4 allein ergeben keinen Inhibitionseffekt. Zusätze von BaSO4 zu einer MgSO4-haltigen Schmelze verbessern jedoch erheblich die Inhibitionswirkung von MgSO4. Der Mechanismus dieses synergistischen Effektes wird nicht vollständig verstanden.
    Notes: Electrochemical corrosion measurements have been performed with IN 100 in a (mole %) 90 Na2SO4—10 K2SO4 melt with different additions of MgSO4 and BaSO4 at 1173 K in order to investigate the inhibition effect of these compounds and its potential dependence. Potentiostatically controlled measurements as well as free corrosion potential measurements with the determination of the polarization resistance have been performed.The inhibition effect of MgSO4 is strongly potential dependent. At negative potentials, where oxygen ions are produced by electrochemical side reactions, MgO is precipitated at the surface of the metal and becomes incorporated into the scale. This kind of MgO-rich scale is resistant to basic fluxing because MgO is not dissolved in basic media. At positive potentials, where acid SO3 is produced by discharge of SO4-ions, MgSO4 yields no or only very little inhibition.BaSO4 additions alone do not yield inhibition effects. However, additions of BaSO4 to melts containing MgSO4 improve the inhibition effect of the latter. The mechanism of this synergistic effect is not completely understood.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19840350402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracer analysis in systems with two-phase flow (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690250518
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surfactants on the particle sizes of red#170 polyurea microcapsules (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1165-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Red#170 (pigment) polyurea microcapsules have been successfully prepared at our laboratory. Both core and shell of these microcapsules are demonstrated to be red#170 pigment and polyurea, respectively, by infrared (IR) spectra. The number-average particle sizes of these microcapsules are seen to decrease with increasing concentration and the ethylene oxide chain length of nonylphenylpolyoxyethylene ether (NPn; n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 16) as an emulsifier in the water phase used for making microcapsules. Experimental results indicate that the average particle sizes of red#170 polyurea microcapsules are smaller for the system with NP16 than for the system with NP4 (in the oil phase) and/or NP16 (in the water phase) and that, in the presence of NPn, these particle sizes are seen to be slightly smaller for use of methylcellulose than for use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a protective colloid. It is also interesting to note that the released amounts of red#170 pigment from polyurea microcapsules in di-n-butylphthalate solvent is lower for a system with NP16 than for a system with methylcellulose, as a result of good emulsification leading to decrease the interaction between toluene diisocyanate and water molecules. This may further cause more crosslinkage to take place at the urea groups, resulting in a decrease in the porosity of the capsules. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variables affecting parison diameter swell and their correlation with rheological parameters (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An important factor in the selection of blow molding resins for producing handled bottles is the effective diameter swell of the parison. Ideally, the diameter swell is directly related to the weight swell and would require no separate consideration. In actual practice, the existence of gravity, the finite parison drop time and the anisotropic aspects of the blow molding operation prevent reliable prediction of the parison diameter swell directly from the weight swell.The parison diameter swell is a complex function of the weight swell, the rate of swell and the melt strength. Elements of this function are presented which show the effect of extrusion rate, parison drop time and parison weight.A technique is presented which allows the estimation of local weight and diameter swell ratios. Their direct relationship is confirmed by data obtained on several blow molding resins. The relationship between weight swell and diameter swell is definitely anisotropic.A mathematical model for swell is proposed which incorporates experimentally determined rate constants and swell coefficients. Correlations are given which suggest fundamental relationships between these derived coefficients and basic variables such as resin properties or process conditions. The model's predictive capability is demonstrated by using it to back calculate parison dimensions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface effects on moisture absorption in ultrathin polyimide films (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyimides ; reflectivity ; moisture absorption ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Water absorption in thin films (〈1000 Å) of a commercial polyimide was evaluated by monitoring dimensional changes induced by a humid environment. Film thickness was measured using x-ray reflectivity, which is a nondestructive technique offering angstrom resolution in the measurements of thin film or multilayer thickness. The effect of several variables on the absorption of moisture were monitored in polyimide films adhered to polished silicon substrates, including total dry film thickness, exposure time, and the contribution of a coupling agent. The percentage increase in film thickness due to moisture uptake is found to be a weak function of dry film thickness, decreasing as dry film thickness increases, and to be somewhat affected by the use of an interfacial coupling agent. The observed behavior points to the polymer/substrate interface as a strong factor controlling the absorption of moisture in the polyimide/silicon system, and is believed to reflect the presence of a highly moisture-saturated interfacial layer. A bilayer model is proposed, and the feasibility of using this model to describe the observed behavior is considered. Published 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 155-162, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-curing of dental restorative resin (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The post-curing of a bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate based copolymer system at 37°C and 100 percent relative humidity was monitored using Fourier Transform IR (FT-IR). The dependence of degree of post-curing on the monomer and initiator components was investigated. The further polymerization achieved by elevating the temperature was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results clearly demonstrated that this free radical curing process was severely quenched by vitrification. Furthermore, a rapid loss in the reactivity to further curing was observed for the material in the quenched state, and this loss in reactivity was attributed to the decay of free radicals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended-chain and folded-chain crystallite formation during the crystallization of stretched crosslinked rubbers (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 391-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The strain-induced crystallization phenomenon of a crosslinked polymer network was studied using statistical, thermodynamics. The basic approach was essentially that used by Flory (1), but in this work Flory's assumption of only a single crystalline phase (the extended-chain crystalline structure with chain parallel to stretch direction) was abandoned. The dimension of the crystalline vector-which is assumed to be parallel to the stretch direction and the percent crystallinity is taken as two independent variables instead of being treated as one single variable. A single variable treatment is inherent in the assumption of a single extended-chain crystallite. By use of the present approach, either the folded-chain crystallite or the extended-chain one is found to be thermodynamically stable depending on temperature, stretch ratio and molecular weight. The retractive force of a crystallized polymer network has been calculated. It is shown theoretically that the formation of an extended-chain crystallite will cause the retractive force to decrease, and that the formation of a folded-chain crystallite will cause the retractive force to increase in a reversible crystallization process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-strength polyethylene (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 1163-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene (PE) continuous filaments having high tensile strength as well as high Young's modulus have been obtained from several linear polyethylene materials by stretching a partially oriented spun yarn to a draw ratio of ≃30. The high draw ratio was readily attained for linear PE fiber extruded at a temperature of at least 250°C and quenched in air while under some intermediate tension. The number average molecular weight of the polymer was found to have the predominant effect on the ultimate tensile strength of the drawn fiber. Yarn with a tensile strength of 19 gpd (167 kg/mm2) and a Young's modulus of 854 gpd (7380 kg/mm2) was produced. Yarn with a Young's modulus of 1145 gpd (9890 kg/mm2) was made by sacrificing some tensile strength.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760191606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting margin leakage of dental composite restorations (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degree of microleakage between a restoration and the cavity wall is difficult to quantify objectively. A silver-staining method is used and compared to the radioisotope method with results that indicate a superior definition and more accurate evaluation of microleakage. In addition to the accuracy, two advantages are presented: (1) scoring of the leakage can be refined and divided into more precise numbers, and (2) teeth can be observed directly in a microscope without resorting to the indirect interpretation of film or photograph.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A silver staining technique for investigating wear of restorative dental composites (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A silver staining technique was developed to demonstrate microdefects in dental restorative composites. Fine silver particles were preferentially introduced into the damaged region to provide optical contrast between the damaged and the undamaged regions. The amount of silver deposition determined with an electron probe microanalyzer, provided an indication of the extent of damage within the dental composites. Examples to demonstrate this technique were given with one clinically worn dental composite restoration and one in vitro worn composite sample.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820150306
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