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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (8)
  • Chemical Engineering  (6)
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Keywords
Publisher
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of polymer coatings on reducing indention damage in glass (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1372-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer coatings are widely used to protect glass from indentation damage. A model for the strength degradation that occurs when a sharp indenter penetrates through the coating is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the strength degradation as a function of indentation load, coating and substrate hardnesses, and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peak nucleate boiling fluxes for liquid oxygen on a flat horizontal platinum surface at buoyancies corresponding to accelerations between -0.03 and lgE (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 773-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Peak nucleate boiling fluxes for liquid oxygen near 1 atm, have been measured on a 0.75-in.-diameter flat polished horizontal platinum surface located in a known, variable magnetic-field gradient that produced steady acceleration (which could be maintained indefinitely) on the oxygen acting in opposition to the earth's gravitation, gE. Measurements were made under condition ranging from net negative (directed away from the heated surface) accelerations of -0.03gE acting on the bulk liquid to the normal accelerations, 1.0gE. The results indicate that at zero g conditions for the bulk liquid, the peak nucleate boiling flux is ∼0.55 of the value at 1.0gE. For bulk-liquid accelerations ranging from ∼0.25 to 1gE, the experimental results confirm the ¼ power dependence of peak flux on acceleration as predicted by various correlations. However, below 0.25gE the peak flux becomes insensitive to the acceleration, varying approximately in proportion to the 1/14 power of the net acceleration. At bulk-liquid conditions of zero g (±0.005gE) the peak plux breaks sharply and falls by a factor of 10 between zero g and -0.03gE (for this apparatus).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of polystyrene in a tubular reactor: Part I (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 686-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out in a tubular reactor.The experiments performed in a 2.362-cm I.D., 6-meter long jacketed reactor showed that: (1) it was feasible for a tubular reactor to produce acceptable quality polystyrene for industrial purposes; (2) the quality of the polymer product was reproducible at any time; (3) it was technically feasible for the tubular reactor to replace the stirred-batch kettles as the preliminary stage in the polystyrene manufacturing process, and (4) radial temperature gradients were not a problem for reactor operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of polystyrene in a tubular reactor: Part II (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 691-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene by azobisisobutyronitrile in a tubular reactor was made. Rigorous models were developed and verified. A diffusion model gave predictions of molecular weights and conversions that were 2% higher on the average than the experimental values. Another model, a plug flow contraction of the diffusion model, predicted molecular weights and conversions that were 6% higher on the average than the experimental values.The diffusion model showed that optimal conversions could be obtained by proper reactor operation. Tentative studies for optimal conversion with minimal molecular weight dispersion indicated the reactor should be operated at a wall temperature 5° to 10°C below that required for optimal conversion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indentation behavior of polymer coatings on glass (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1366-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For relatively soft polymer coatings on soda-lime glass substrates the indentation load increases substantially when the indenter penetrates into the glass substrate since the glass can now directly support some of the indenter load. A model for the indentation load-depth behavior is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the indentation behavior as a function of coating and substrate hardnesses and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crazing and acoustic emission in poly(methyl methacrylate)/acetone and polystyrene/methanol systems (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 854-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Craze initiation and growth in the poly(methyl methacrylate)/acetone and polystyrene/methanol systems was studied using photographic and acoustic emission techniques. The poly(methyl methacrylate) system was the only one that produced detectable acoustic emission; however, it was found that craze initiation occurs predominantly in the first half of a sample's lifetime while acoustic emission is detected predominantly in the second half. The detected acoustic emission in the poly(methyl methacrylate) system is believed to be due to the rupture of craze fibrils. Craze initiation in both polymer systems was found to be dependent on stress and time with higher stresses initiating more crazes at earlier times. Although the craze growth rate in both systems exhibited extreme variability, the average growth rate tended to increase with craze size and applied stress. In the poly(methyl methacrylate) system, craze velocity was independent of time but in the polystyrene system it decreased with time. None of the existing craze growth theories were capable of explaining these results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211308
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  • 7
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    Airborne eddy correlation gas flux measurements - Design criteria for optical techniques (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Although several methods exist for the determination of the flux of an atmospheric species, the airborne eddy correlation method has the advantage of providing direct flux measurements that are representative of regional spatial domains. The design criteria pertinent to the construction of chemical instrumentation suitable for use in airborne eddy correlation flux measurements are discussed. A brief overview of the advantages and limitations of the current instrumentation used to obtain flux measurements for CO, CH4, O3, CO2, and water vapor are given. The intended height of the measurement within the convective boundary layer is also shown to be an important design criteria. The sensitivity, or resolution, which is required in the measurement of a scalar species to obtain an adequate species flux measurement is discussed. The relationship between the species flux resolution and the more commonly stated instrumental resolution is developed and it is shown that the standard error of the flux estimate is a complicated function of the atmospheric variability and the averaging time that is used. The use of the recently proposed intermittent sampling method to determine the species flux is examined. The application of this technique may provide an opportunity to expand the suite of trace gases for which direct flux measurements are possible.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Optical methods in atmospheric chemistry; Proceedings of the Meeting, Berlin, Germany, June 22-24, 1992 (A93-51501 22-35); p. 404-412.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Design considerations for a gas microcontroller (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-12
    Description: Some of the design problems that are now being addressed in consideration of a microcontroller for the upcoming GAS payload are discussed. Microcontrollers will be used to run the experiments and to collect and store the data from those experiments. Some of the requirements for a microcontroller are to be small, lightweight, have low power consumption, and high reliability. Some of the solutions that were developed to meet these design requirements are discussed. At present, the experiment is still in the design stage and the final design may change from what is presented here. The search for new integrated circuits which will do all that is needed all in one package continues.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1985 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symposium; p 117-124
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    In situ ozone instrumentation for 10-Hz measurements - Development and evaluation (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The development of the fast-response ozone detector for the Electra aircraft is described. The selection of a technique to meet the design goal of 10-Hz detection is examined in terms of detection principles, instrument sampling parameters, signal conditioning, and aircraft and sampling environment. An instrument which employs a NO technique for detection of ozone with a reaction chamber volume of 16 cu cm, a pressure of 60 torr, and a sample flow of 1000 standard cu cm/min was developed. Laboratory and flight testings of the detector were conducted in order to evaluate its performance. The data reveal that the fast-response ozone detector is highly reliable with a response of 0.1 sec to 90 percent of reading, has a lower detection limit of 1 ppbv, and an S/N of 20 at 20 ppbv ozone.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Autonomous image data reduction by analysis and interpretation (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Image data is a critical component of the scientific information acquired by space missions. Compression of image data is required due to the limited bandwidth of the data transmission channel and limited memory space on the acquisition vehicle. This need becomes more pressing when dealing with multispectral data where each pixel may comprise 300 or more bytes. An autonomous, real time, on-board image analysis system for an exploratory vehicle such as a Mars Rover is developed. The completed system will be capable of interpreting image data to produce reduced representations of the image, and of making decisions regarding the importance of data based on current scientific goals. Data from multiple sources, including stereo images, color images, and multispectral data, are fused into single image representations. Analysis techniques emphasize artificial neural networks. Clusters are described by their outlines and class values. These analysis and compression techniques are coupled with decision-making capacity for determining importance of each image region. Areas determined to be noise or uninteresting can be discarded in favor of more important areas. Thus limited resources for data storage and transmission are allocated to the most significant images.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Telematics and Informatics (ISSN 0736-5853); 5; 3, 19; 241-251
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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