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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 13 (1994), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Deconvolution ; flaw characterization ; signal processing ; waveform prediction ; nondestructive evaluation ; polyurethane ; composite materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract To identify planar heterogeneities or flaws inside a structure using ultrasonic tests, it is necessary to characterize reflections originating from the boundaries of the heterogeneities. However, for composite materials with high, frequency-dependent wave attenuation, it is often not possible to clearly identify the reflections with either A-scan signals or conventional deconvolution techniques due to the combined effect of signal distortion and overlap. To enable deconvolution of a distorted propagating wave, a new time domain deconvolution technique which includes the frequencydependent acoustic properties of the host material has been developed. This approach is shown to be superior to conventional time domain deconvolution with L1 norm minimization in resolving flaw reflections in highly attenuative glass fiber reinforced polyurethane composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 523-530 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plane-strain fracture toughness of two common epoxy systems of different ductility were determined at different loading rates, according to ASTM E 399 for metallic materials. The ASTM standard was applicable, but underestimated slightly the specimen thickness required for KIc. KIc decreased with an increasing loading rate and with an increasing yield stress. The fracture surfaces were all very smooth as long as plane-strain conditions prevailed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 513-522 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The acoustic emission behavior during tensile loading of two common epoxy systems of different ductility was investigated at different loading rates. At low threshold voltage, it was possible to register acoustic emissions before the final failure. Only very few emissions were recorded compared with the amount commonly recorded for metals and composite materials. The acoustic emissions detected were of burst-type, revealing a brittle damage accumulation process. They originated from the initiation and incremental growth of microcracks of stochastic nature. The events occurred before gross yielding and during the final “brittle” failure process. Basically no events were detected between gross yielding and the final failure during which large scale yielding, necking, and stable crack growth took place. The occurrence of events at the different loading rates was strongly influenced by the yielding behavior and fracture toughness, characterized by the yield stress σy and the plane-strain fracture toughness KIc respectively. KIc was inversely dependent on the total number of events up to gross yielding. The event distribution normalized with respect to the conditions at gross yielding was hardly affected by the loading rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 274-284 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of ductility on fatigue behavior was studied using two DGEBA-based (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) epoxies: a ductile Epon 815/Versamid 140 and a brittle Epon 828/Epon Z. Failure modes were different although normalized stress-life relations were similar for both resins. Two competing failure mechanisms were identified: viscoelastic creep, and nucleation and coalescence into a main crack of microcracks. No signs of crazing or fibrillation were detected. The plastic elongation during fatigue was larger in Epon 815/Versamid 140. Fracture sources showed cracked material surrounded by a region of stable growth of the main crack. In the brittle Epon 828/Epon Z cracked material was scarce and the crack initiation region was clean, especially at high stress levels. Discontinuous crack growth bands and striations were seen in the stable crack growth regions. During unstable propagation the crack advanced at different levels joined by deep cleavage steps. Branching of the main crack occurred only in the brittle resin at the final stage of propagation.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1465-1473 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Residual stresses in composites are developed during processing due to chemical shrinkage of the resin and the thermal mismatch between the constituent materials. How these residual stresses develop during cure is not fully understood. Furthermore, to model their development during cure the effect of cure on composite mechanical properties must be understood. This study addresses such concerns. Warpage of [04/904];T cross-ply specimens was measured to monitor residual stress build-up. Fiber-dominated properties were found to increase moderately with cure extent. Matrix-dominated properties increased significantly and were highly dependent on degree of cure. The curvature development was found to be elastic and could be predicted by laminated plate theory while neglecting chemical shrinkage. Thermal strains were found to remain essentially constant with cure time.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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