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    Astrocytic purinergic signaling coordinates synaptic networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: To investigate the role of astrocytes in regulating synaptic transmission, we generated inducible transgenic mice that express a dominant-negative SNARE domain selectively in astrocytes to block the release of transmitters from these glial cells. By releasing adenosine triphosphate, which accumulates as adenosine, astrocytes tonically suppressed synaptic transmission, thereby enhancing the dynamic range for long-term potentiation and mediated activity-dependent, heterosynaptic depression. These results indicate that astrocytes are intricately linked in the regulation of synaptic strength and plasticity and provide a pathway for synaptic cross-talk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascual, Olivier -- Casper, Kristen B -- Kubera, Cathryn -- Zhang, Jing -- Revilla-Sanchez, Raquel -- Sul, Jai-Yoon -- Takano, Hajime -- Moss, Stephen J -- McCarthy, Ken -- Haydon, Philip G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Conte Center for Integration at the Tripartite Synapse, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/drug effects/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Xanthines/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants and dilute solution behavior of heterodisperse poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) in 0.5M and 1M NaCl (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1699-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mark Houwink coefficients and molecular size parameters are presented for 31 unfractionated samples of polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in 0.5M and 1M aqueous NaCl. Polymers investigated include polyacrylamide, plus 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 mol % poly(sodium acrylate). Their solution characteristics were studied by gel permeation chromatography, intrinsic viscosity, and light scattering techniques. A density function and heterodispersity index was assigned to each polymer sample due to the polydispersity of the molecular weight distributions. This technique improves the intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight correlation for heterodisperse commercially synthesized polymer systems. The intrinsic viscosity of these commercial compounds will yield useful estimates of their molecular weight, in spite of their obvious heterogeneity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330523
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion coefficients and conformational properties of heterodisperse poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1683-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Calculations of expansion coefficients from light scattering and viscometric data on heterodisperse samples of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium-acrylate) satisfactorily describe the solution properties of these polymers across the entire copolymer range, from polyacrylamide to poly(sodium acrylate). Light scattering results correlate well with the viscosity data provided that corrections are made for polymer heterodispersity and that a modified Krigbaum equation is used to estimate the unperturbed dimensions of the molecules. The expansion coefficients deduced from light scattering and Flory-Fox hydrodynamic theory were inaccurate and insensitive to fluctuations in charge density and molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330522
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