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  • Articles  (155)
  • Cells, Cultured  (118)
  • Chemistry
  • Computer Science  (155)
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  • Articles  (155)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: In vitro studies suggest a role for c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in proatherogenic cellular processes. We show that atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-/- mice simultaneously lacking JNK2 (ApoE-/- JNK2-/- mice), but not ApoE-/- JNK1-/- mice, developed less atherosclerosis than do ApoE-/- mice. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK activity efficiently reduced plaque formation. Macrophages lacking JNK2 displayed suppressed foam cell formation caused by defective uptake and degradation of modified lipoproteins and showed increased amounts of the modified lipoprotein-binding and -internalizing scavenger receptor A (SR-A), whose phosphorylation was markedly decreased. Macrophage-restricted deletion of JNK2 was sufficient to decrease atherogenesis. Thus, JNK2-dependent phosphorylation of SR-A promotes uptake of lipids in macrophages, thereby regulating foam cell formation, a critical step in atherogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricci, Romeo -- Sumara, Grzegorz -- Sumara, Izabela -- Rozenberg, Izabela -- Kurrer, Michael -- Akhmedov, Alexander -- Hersberger, Martin -- Eriksson, Urs -- Eberli, Franz R -- Becher, Burkhard -- Boren, Jan -- Chen, Mian -- Cybulsky, Myron I -- Moore, Kathryn J -- Freeman, Mason W -- Wagner, Erwin F -- Matter, Christian M -- Luscher, Thomas F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1558-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. romeo.ricci@cell.biol.ethz.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD36/metabolism ; Aorta/chemistry/pathology ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Endothelial Cells/physiology ; Foam Cells/*metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class A ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-10-09
    Description: Approximately half of the neurons produced during embryogenesis normally die before adulthood. Although target-derived neurotrophic factors are known to be major determinants of programmed cell death--apoptosis--the molecular mechanisms by which trophic factors interfere with cell death regulation are largely unknown. Overexpression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in cultured sympathetic neurons has now been shown to prevent apoptosis normally induced by deprivation of nerve growth factor. This finding, together with the previous demonstration of bcl-2 expression in the nervous system, suggests that the Bcl-2 protein may be a major mediator of the effects of neurotrophic factors on neuronal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, I -- Martinou, I -- Tsujimoto, Y -- Martinou, J C -- CA-50551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-51864/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*genetics ; Cell Death/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/cytology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Rats ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*cytology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of tightly bound endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular astrocytes that regulate central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. We showed that astrocytes secrete Sonic hedgehog and that BBB ECs express Hedgehog (Hh) receptors, which together promote BBB formation and integrity during embryonic development and adulthood. Using pharmacological inhibition and genetic inactivation of the Hh signaling pathway in ECs, we also demonstrated a critical role of the Hh pathway in promoting the immune quiescence of BBB ECs by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory mediators and the adhesion and migration of leukocytes, in vivo and in vitro. Overall, the Hh pathway provides a barrier-promoting effect and an endogenous anti-inflammatory balance to CNS-directed immune attacks, as occurs in multiple sclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarez, Jorge Ivan -- Dodelet-Devillers, Aurore -- Kebir, Hania -- Ifergan, Igal -- Fabre, Pierre J -- Terouz, Simone -- Sabbagh, Mike -- Wosik, Karolina -- Bourbonniere, Lyne -- Bernard, Monique -- van Horssen, Jack -- de Vries, Helga E -- Charron, Frederic -- Prat, Alexandre -- MOP74700/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP81880/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1727-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1206936. Epub 2011 Dec 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroimmunology Unit, Center of Excellence in Neuromics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/cytology/*physiology ; Brain/*immunology/physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Electric Impedance ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism ; Female ; Hedgehog Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/metabolism ; Permeability ; *Signal Transduction ; Veratrum Alkaloids/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-08-25
    Description: We imaged the interfacial structure and dynamics of water in a microscopically confined geometry, in three dimensions and on millisecond time scales, with a structurally illuminated wide-field second harmonic microscope. The second harmonic images reported on the orientational order of interfacial water, induced by charge-dipole interactions between water molecules and surface charges. The images were converted into surface potential maps. Spatially resolved surface acid dissociation constant (p K a,s ) values were determined for the silica deprotonation reaction by following pH-induced chemical changes on the curved and confined surfaces of a glass microcapillary immersed in aqueous solutions. These values ranged from 2.3 to 10.7 along the wall of a single capillary because of surface heterogeneities. Water molecules that rotate along an oscillating external electric field were also imaged.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Hybrid cells formed between human lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells produce human immunoglobulin in culture. Stable antibody-producing cell lines can be isolated after multiple cycles of low-density passage, cloning, and continued selection for immunoglobulin production. The origin and characteristics of a hybrid of human and mouse cells is described. This hybrid produces high concentrations (8.3 micrograms per milliliter) of human immunoglobulin M reactive with the terminal disaccharide of the Forssman glycolipid. These findings point to the potential use of human-mouse hybrid cells as a source of human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowinski, R -- Berglund, C -- Lane, J -- Lostrom, M -- Bernstein, I -- Young, W -- Hakomori, S I -- Hill, L -- Cooney, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):537-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Antibody Formation ; Antibody Specificity ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/immunology ; *Forssman Antigen ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Mice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Udeinya, I J -- Schmidt, J A -- Aikawa, M -- Miller, L H -- Green, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/microbiology ; Erythrocytes/*microbiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Veins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):14-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-B/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have multiple functions in the developing nervous system. A member of this family, BMP-9, was found to be highly expressed in the embryonic mouse septum and spinal cord, indicating a possible role in regulating the cholinergic phenotype. In cultured neurons, BMP-9 directly induced the expression of the cholinergic gene locus encoding choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and up-regulated acetylcholine synthesis. The effect was reversed upon withdrawal of BMP-9. Intracerebroventricular injection of BMP-9 increased acetylcholine levels in vivo. Although certain other BMPs also up-regulated the cholinergic phenotype in vitro, they were less effective than BMP-9. These data indicate that BMP-9 is a differentiating factor for cholinergic central nervous system neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopez-Coviella, I -- Berse, B -- Krauss, R -- Thies, R S -- Blusztajn, J K -- P01 AG09525/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):313-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Central Nervous System ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Growth Differentiation Factor 2 ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Septum of Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/embryology/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules capture peptides within the endocytic pathway to generate T cell receptor (TCR) ligands. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) sequester intact antigens in lysosomes, processing and converting antigens into peptide-MHC II complexes upon induction of DC maturation. The complexes then accumulate in distinctive, nonlysosomal MHC II+ vesicles that appear to migrate to the cell surface. Although the vesicles exclude soluble lysosomal contents and antigen-processing machinery, many contain MHC I and B7 costimulatory molecules. After arrival at the cell surface, the MHC and costimulatory molecules remain clustered. Thus, transport of peptide-MHC II complexes by DCs not only accomplishes transfer from late endocytic compartments to the plasma membrane, but does so in a manner that selectively concentrates TCR ligands and costimulatory molecules for T cell contact.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turley, S J -- Inaba, K -- Garrett, W S -- Ebersold, M -- Unternaehrer, J -- Steinman, R M -- Mellman, I -- AI-13013/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-34098/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-39672/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):522-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Section of Immunobiology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Post Office Box 208002, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/immunology/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lysosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Muramidase/immunology/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Thiazoles/pharmacology ; Thiazolidines
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: The mechanisms controlling neural stem cell proliferation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the PTEN tumor suppressor plays an important role in regulating neural stem/progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. Mice lacking PTEN exhibited enlarged, histoarchitecturally abnormal brains, which resulted from increased cell proliferation, decreased cell death, and enlarged cell size. Neurosphere cultures revealed a greater proliferation capacity for tripotent Pten-/- central nervous system stem/progenitor cells, which can be attributed, at least in part, to a shortened cell cycle. However, cell fate commitments of the progenitors were largely undisturbed. Our results suggest that PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groszer, M -- Erickson, R -- Scripture-Adams, D D -- Lesche, R -- Trumpp, A -- Zack, J A -- Kornblum, H I -- Liu, X -- Wu, H -- MH062800-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS38489/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2186-9. Epub 2001 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Brain/abnormalities/*cytology/embryology ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Size ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluoresceins/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nestin ; Neurons/*cytology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Succinimides/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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