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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in the origin of yolk. IV. Ogenesis of Periplaneta americana (1929)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 253-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Technique. This work is based not only on the fixed preparations, but also on fresh cover-slip preparations treated with neutral red or 2 per cent osmic acid for a short time.Golgi elements and fatty yolk. The Golgi elements are hollow vesicular bodies with a distinct osmiophilic rim and a central osmiophobic substance. In the youngest oocyte they form a circumnuclear ring. Gradually the vesicles spread out, grow in size, store up fat in their interior, and give rise to the fatty yolk. On account of their higher refractive index, due to the presence of fat, the Golgi vesicles can be occasionally seen even in the young oocytes without any treatment.Mitochondria. The mitochondrial granules also form a circumnuclear ring and are later distributed uniformly.Albuminous yolk. The albuminous yolk is nucleolar in origin. Early in oogenesis, the nucleous buds off small, homogeneous, and highly chromatic particles in the cytoplasm, which sooner or later disappear. Subsequently, the nucleolus becomes less chromatic and develops vacuolar bodies in its interior, which, becoming vacuolated exactly like the parent nucleolus, migrate into the the cytoplasm. These bodies become more and more chromatic and travel toward the periphery of the egg, where they grow in size. Ultimately they break down into small, homogeneous, and highly chromatic bodies which are the definitive albuminous yolk spheres and which subsequently grow enormously in size.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050480109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermatogenesis of the prawn, Palaemon lamarrei (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 149-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spermatozoon of Palaemon lamarrei is like a cricket ball having a small hole at the top. The outer leather covering of the ball represents the nucleus and the internal stuffing the cytoplasmic vesicle, in the formation of which almost the whole of the cytoplasm of the spermatid along with its mitochondrial and Golgi material is sacrificed. The hole is very efficiently plugged with a ring-like centrosome, which gives off inward a large number of axial filaments radiating through the vesicle toward the nucleus and outward a long prominent spine ending into a fine point. The acrosome is conspicuous by its absence. It has been suggested that, as in Paratelphusa spinigera, the cytoplasmic vesicle forms the mechanism, which is responsible for the explosion of the sperm at the time of fertilization. It has also been suggested that the bizarre structure of the sperm is closely associated with the necessity of ensuring the safety of this explosive vesicle until the time of fertilization. The chromatoid bodies described by Fasten in the crayfish, Cambarus virilis, must be interpreted as the Golgi masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050610108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A demonstration of the vacuome and the golgi apparatus as independent cytoplasmic components in the fresh eggs of teleostean fishes (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 277-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most important conclusion of this investigation is that the vacuome and the classical Golgi apparatus are independent cell components in the oocytes of Ophiocephalus and Rita. The same conclusion has been arrived at by Nath in Rana tigrina. The vacuoles, the Golgi elements, and the mitochondria can be seen intra vitam side by side.In Ophiocephalus the vacuoles give rise to albuminous yolk, as has been rightly claimed by Hibbard for Discoglossus and by Hibbard and Parat for Perca and Pygosteus. The Golgi elements give rise to the fatty yolk as in so many other forms of oogenesis described by Nath and others.In Rita the fate of the vacuoles and the Golgi elements is unknown, as the fish suddenly disappeared from the Ravi during the spawning period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050520113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature, metabolic and cytoskeletal inhibitors on the rate of BHK cell adhesion to polystyreneThis work was supported by a grant from the USPHS and Veterans Administration Hospital. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 92 (1977), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adhesion of baby hamster kidney fibroblasts (BHK cells) to a Falcon tissue culture flask was measured under various physiological conditions. While 75-80% of the fibroblasts adhere at temperatures from 19-50°, cellular adhesion decreased dramatically below 19°. Less than 10% of the cells adhere to the substratum even after prolonged incubations at temperatures of 8° or below. This lack of adhesion at low temperatures cannot be overcome by the application of increased gravitational force to the cells.No correlation exists between cellular ATP concentrations or respiration rates and the rate of cell adhesion to the substratum. One millimolar Na F and 1 mM 2,4 dinitrophenol together lower cellular ATP concentration by 95% but adhesion is reduced by only 50%. NaN3 and KCN greatly lower cellular ATP concentrations without a corresponding inhibition of adhesion. Inhibition of cellular respiration by these compounds occurs at lower concentrations than does the inhibition of adhesion. Two micrograms/milliliters of cytochalasin B inhibits adhesion by 90%, 0.1 mM vinblastine sulphate or colchicine by less than 50% and 50 μg/ml colcemid by less than 30%.Fixing the cells with formaldehyde, hardening their membranes with ZnCl2 or treating the cells with toluene, all cause an inhibition in adhesion. Again, application of increased gravitational force cannot overcome these latter inhibitions of BHK cell adhesion to the surface of the flasks.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040920105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and phosphorylation of hexoses in normal and rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Effects of transformation by Rous sarcoma virus on sugar uptake and activity and the subcellular distribution of hexokinase isozymes in chick embryo fibroblasts were examined. Transformation caused a several-fold increase in the maximum velocity for uptake of 2-deoxyglucose without a significant change in Km. Cytochalasin B (CB), was used to differentiate between the effects of transformation on facilitated diffusion and the nonsaturable (CB-insensitive) mode. Transformation was found to stimulate 2-deoxyglucose transport by both mechanisms, but the increase in transport by the CB-insensitive mode was greater.Transformation enhances the activity of hexokinase, the enhancement being confined to the particulate fraction of the enzyme. Heat-inactivation and electrophoretic mobility studies showed that although hexokinase Type I is the major form in both normal and transformed fibroblasts, there is a significant increase in the proportion of the Type II isozyme in the transformed cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid and reversible tubulin tyrosination in human neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, fMet-Leu-Phe (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 154 (1993), S. 582-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neutrophil activation by specific stimuli, such as the oligopeptide chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-(fMLF), is associated with an increased enzymatic addition of tyrosine to tubulin α -subunits, as measured by 14C tyrosine uptake. In studies using immunoblots we have found that this increased tyrosine uptake into tubulin in activated neutrophils reflects an increase in the proportion of cellular tubulin that is tyrosinated rather than simply an increase in the turnover of tyrosinated subunits. However, the increased accumulation of tyrosinated tubulin was also found to follow an initial depletion of tyrosinated tubulin and concomitant increase in detyrosinated tubulin between 0 and 60 sec following stimulation of neutrophils with fMLF. Immunogold electron microscopy studies of intact micro tubules recovered from activated neutrophils demonstrated that these rapid changes in the relative content of tubulin isoforms in the cells were not associated with the formation or disappearance of microtubule microdomains composed of only one form of tubulin. Previously, we have shown that under conditions of fMLF-stimulated exocytosis there is an increased binding of neutrophil granules to endogenous microtubules. Since neutrophil activation by fMLF is associated with increased tyrosination of α -tubulin subunits, we speculated that rapid changes in the levels of tyrosinated tubulin in the microtubules of activated neutrophils might have a role in the regulation of granule-microtubule interactions. When the binding of purified neutrophil granules to reconstituted rat brain microtubules containing approximately 50% tyrosinated tubulin was measured by electron microscopy and compared with granule binding to microtubules that contained no detectable tyrosinated tubulin, granule-microtubule associations were found to be significantly favored by detyrosinated vs. tyrosinated tubulin. These findings indicate that interactions between cytoplasmic granules and microtubules in activated neutrophils may be modulated by rapid changes in the relative content of detyrosinated and tyrosinated tubulin in the microtubule network of the cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041540317
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of protein transcytosis in the human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 143 (1990), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transepithelial absorption of food-type proteins has been shown to proceed by endocytosis along two functional pathways: a minor direct pathway allowing transport of intact protein and a major lysosomal degradative pathway. The human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 grown on Millipore filters was used here further to characterize these pathways by measuring HRP transport across the cell monolayer in Ussing chambers. In the apical-basal direction, this transport mainly occurred along the degradative pathway and was inhibited at 4°C (7.41 ± 1.26 pmoles/h·cm2 vs. 27.40 ± 8.91 at 37°C). The amount conveyed via the direct pathway was very small (0.89 ± 0.35 pmoles/h·cm2) and did not diminish at 4°C (1.43 ± 0.59 pmoles/h·cm2). In the basal-apical direction, HRP transport along the degradative pathway at 37°C was similar to the apical-basal value and was inhibited at 4°C (16.40 ± 4.50 vs. 2.72 ± 2.52 pmoles/h·cm2), but along the direct pathway, it was eight times the apical-basal value (8.36 ± 3.11 pmoles/h·cm2) and was inhibited at 4°C (2.43 ± 0.78 pmoles/h·cm2). Intact HRP fluxes were not correlated with the eletrical resistance of the filters, indicating transport via a transcellular route. Monensin at 10-5 M did not affect direct or degradative transport in the apical-to-basal direction. These results suggest that in CaCo-2 cells HRP undergoes bidirectional transcytosis by a fluid-phase mechanism, but the extent of degradation during that transport varies according to the membrane (apical or basal) where it is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430225
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