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  • 1
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 5 (1934), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 8 (1936), S. 41-62 
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Transformation ; Oomycete ; Phytophthora megasperma ; Chromosome separationex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for stable transformation was developed for Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, an oomycete pathogen of soybean. Transformants were obtained using a bacterial hygromycin resistance gene fused to a promoter and terminator from the ham34 gene of another oomycete, Bremia lactucae. Vector DNA, alone or complexed to cationic liposomes, was introduced into protoplasts using polyethylene glycol and CaCl2. DNA and RNA hybridization, and phosphotransferase assays, confirmed the presence and expression of vector DNA in the transformants. Hybridization to electrophoretically separated chromosomes of P. m. glycinea showed that vector DNA had integrated into only one chromosome in four transformants, and into multiple chromosomes in one transformant.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Transgene inactivation ; Silencing ; Oomycete ; Phythophthora infestans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mitotic and meiotic stabilities of transgenes were evaluated in the oomycete, Phytophthora infestans. Genes encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT), fused to one of six promoters from P. infestans or other oomycetes, were usually stably expressed during continued asexual culture and transmitted to progeny. However, the activity of these genes became undetectable in many strains during asexual or sexual propagation. Over 33 months of growth, transgene expression stopped each month in 1–3% of the transformants. Silencing of the genes was not associated with their deletion, mutation, or hypermethylation. The conformation of the integrated sequences was similar in strains destined to continue or terminate expression of the transgenes. Expression of the genes was not associated with a loss of fitness during growth in vitro and in planta, which might otherwise have selected for silencing events.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 239 (1993), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: β-Glucuronidase ; Oomycete ; Recombination ; Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The processing of DNA molecules during transformation was characterized in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Linear and circular forms of nonreplicating transformation vectors supported similar rates of stable transformation. Remarkably, digestion of plasmids within the selectable marker genes neomycin phosphotransferase (npt) or hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) had little effect on the recovery of drug-resistant transformants, and the cleaved sites were shown to be reconstituted in the transformants. An assay for the transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in protoplasts treated with partial or disrupted GUS genes demonstrated that active genes could be reconstituted through intramolecular and/or intermolecular ligation between compatible ends, while incompatible ends were inefficiently joined. Stable transformation studies also demonstrated that complementing portions of incomplete npt or hpt genes joined through homologous recombination. Based on the indication of efficient ligation between DNA molecules during transformation, an efficient procedure for cotransformation was developed. The frequency of cotransformation between vectors expressing selected genes (npt or hpt) and nonselected sequences (GUS, β-galactosidase, or streptomycin phosphotransferase) approached unity when the plasmids were linearized with the same restriction enzyme before transformation. In contrast, cotransformation between circular plasmids or those cut with different enzymes occurred infrequently (10%). Hybridization analysis of DNA from cotransformants demonstrated that linearized plasmids became colocalized within genomic DNA, while circular plasmids typically inserted at unliked sites.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 14 (1898), S. 141-180 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 463-483 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: intracellular matrix ; extracellular matrix ; covalently cross-linked matrix ; ε-(γ-glutamic) lysine bonds ; skeletal muscle ; titin ; covalently cross-linked collagen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle is exhaustively extracted with a protein-unfolding reagent such as 6 M guanidine HCl and a disulfide-reducing reagent such as 5% β-mercaptoethanol, a tissue ghost remains intact and retains the characteristic shape and dimensions of the tissue before extraction. In the case of chicken pectoral muscle, the tissue ghost contains 1% of the original muscle proteins. Guanidine HCl extraction followed by collagenase treatment of glycerol-extracted chicken pectoral muscle releases a clean preparation of elongated structures containing 0.2% of the original protein and representing the covalently cross-linked remnants of the muscle fibers. The material of these muscle fiber ghosts extends throughout the interior of the cell. Antibodies raised against the tissue ghosts of smooth muscle cross-react with glycerol extracted skeletal myofibrils, forming a banding pattern which coincides with the banding pattern observed when myofibrils are reacted with antibodies against titin. Titin, a large and soluble protein found in skeletal muscle, cross-reacts with our antigizzard antibody. However, amino acid analysis of the muscle fiber ghosts indicates that titin cannot be the only subunit of the insoluble polymer, but that one or more proteins with a very high glycine and alanine content and a very low basic and acidic amino acid content must also form part of the covalently cross-linked matrix. The possibility is presented that this matrix may be the basis of the superthin 2-3-nm filaments which have been observed in a variety of cell types.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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