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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1)
  • Metabolite overproduction  (1)
  • Methane  (1)
  • antibiotics  (1)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the energetic efficiency in different micro-organisms and the rate and type of metabolite overproduced (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Metabolite overproduction ; ATP/O quotient ; ATP turnover ; Energetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Data regarding the degree of energy conservation as determined by the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ and the highest rates of metabolite production reported for various micro-organisms have been collated and analysed. The results have indicated that the highest rates of metabolite production occur in micro-organisms possessing low efficiencies of energy conservation. Moreover, in the case of exopolysaccharide production the oxidation state of the polymer is inversely related to the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ value of the producing organism. In general, the rate of ATP turnover associated with exopolysaccharide production or the potential rate associated with over-production of other metabolites is inversely related to the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ value of the producing organism. Analysis of current production rates for a range of metabolites suggests that there is scope for major improvements of existing processes by careful selection of appropriate micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569792
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence and identification of intracellular polyglucose storage granules inMethylococcus NCIB 11083 grown in chemostat culture on methane (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methylococcus ; Methane ; Chemostat ; Ammonia limitation ; Intracellular polyglucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation of intracellular storage granules (0.03–0.5 μm) byMethylococcus NCIB 11083 when grown under conditions of ammonia limitation with methane as the sole source of carbon and energy was inversely proportional to the dilution rate. The isolated material was composed entirely of glucose residues and the infra-red spectrum exhibited characteristic absorption bands at 925 cm-1, 845 cm-1 and 745±4 cm-1, indicating the presence of α (1→4) glycosidic linkages. The polymer dissolved in hot water to give an opalescent solution that formed a violet iodine complex with an absorption maximum at 550 nm, identical to that observed with reference amylopectin. The percentage of the polysaccharide released as maltose by the action of β- and α-amylases was 55–64% and 80–90% respectively, values very similar to those obtained by the action of these enzymes on reference amylopectin and glycogen. Methylation analysis indicated that the average interior and exterior chain lengths of the polymer were 2.7 and 10.0 glucose units respectively and confirmed that theMethylococcus polyglucose is a branched polymer composed of units joined by 1→4 and 1→6 linkages. The number average molecular weight of the polymer is 2–4.5×105. The stored polymer was metabolised by the organism and its metabolism resulted in the synthesis of protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689349
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolite production and growth efficiency (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60 (1991), S. 293-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: antibiotics ; exopolysaccharides ; growth efficiency ; metabolite production rate ; organic acids ; yields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capacity to sustain the large fluxes of carbon and energy required for rapid metabolite production appears to be inversely related to the growth efficiency of micro-organisms. From an overall energetic point of view three main classes of metabolite may be distinguished. These are not discrete categories, as the energetics of biosynthesis will depend on the precise biochemical pathways used and the nature of the starting feed stock(s). (1) for metabolites like exopolysaccharides both the oxidation state and the specific rate of production appear to be inversely related to the growth efficiency of the producing organism. Maximum rates of production are favored when carbon and energy flux are integrated, and alteration of this balance may negatively effect production rates. (2) The production of metabolites like organic acids and some secondary metabolites results in the net production of reducing equivalents and/or ATP. It is thought that the capacity of the organism to dissipate this product associated energy limits its capacity for rapid production. (3) For metabolites like biosurfactants and certain secondary metabolites that are composed of moieties of significantly different oxidation states production from a single carbon source is unfavorable and considerable improvements in specific production rate and final broth concentration may be achieved if mixed carbon sources are used. By careful selection of production organism and starting feedstock(s) it may be possible to tailor the production, such that the adverse physiological consequences of metabolite overproduction on the production organism are minimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and ultrastructure of the testis and sperm formation in goodeid teleosts (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 156 (1978), S. 419-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Testis structure in four species of goodeid teleosts is described. Testicular tubules terminate blindly at the testis periphery where spermatogonia are located. In goodeid teleosts, development of sperm takes place synchronously within cysts whose periphery is made up of a single layer of Sertoli cells. Upon completion of spermiogenesis, spermiation ensues wherein sperm are shed, as spermatozeugmata, into the testis efferent duct system. Subsequently, Sertoli cells, which comprised the cyst periphery, transform into efferent duct cells.Sertoli cells phagocytize residual bodies and are involved in the formation of spermatozeugmata. The structure of the goodeid spermatozeugmatum is quite different from that observed in the related poeciliids. It is concluded, in view of this and other considerations, that the goodeids and poeciliids have independently evolved solutions to the problems of internal fertilization and gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051560306
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