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  • GEOPHYSICS  (31)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: 5′-deiodinase activity ; Syrian hamster ; Harderian gland ; testosterone ; 5α-dihydrotestosterone ; pinealectomy ; rhythm ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Sexual differences on thyroxine 5′-deiodinase (5′-D) in the Harderian gland of Syrian hamsters were investigated. We compared the 24-h profile of 5′-D activity in male and female hamsters, observing a clear rhythm in males but not in females. Female values were always significantly higher than male ones. After pinealectomy day/night variations in male 5′-D activity at the time points studies were abolished, results that are in correlation with serum thyroid hormones. We also studied the regulation by androgen of the enzyme activity. Basal 5′-D activity increased in castrated males and levels fell when animals were implanted with testosterone or its product 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Female 5′-D activity was also inhibited by androgens. As only the addition of DHT in the presence of epitestosterone, an inhibitor of the conversion of testosterone on DHT, in castrated males was able to decrease 5′-D activity to control animal levels, we suggest a probable direct effect of DHT by itself. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: phosphorylation ; interferon regulatory factor 2 ; transcription factor ; oncogene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: IRF2 is a transcription factor, possessing oncogenic potential, responsible for both the repression of growth-inhibiting genes (interferon) and the activation of cell cycle-regulated genes (histone H4). Surprisingly little is known about the post-translational modification of this factor. In this study, we analyze the phosphorylation of IRF2 both in vivo and in vitro. Immunoprecipitation of HA-tagged IRF2 expressed in 32P-phosphate labelled COS-7 cells demonstrates that IRF2 is phosphorylated in vivo. Amino acid sequence analysis reveals that several potential phosphorylation sites exist for a variety of serine/threonine protein kinases, including those of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family. Using a battery of these protein kinases we show that recombinant IRF2 is a substrate for protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and casein kinase II (CK2) in vitro. However, other serine/threonine protein kinases, including the MAP kinases JNK1, p38, and ERK2, do not phosphorylate IRF2. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of the sites phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CKII in vitro demonstrates that these enzymes are capable of phosphorylating IRF2 at multiple distinct sites. Phosphoaminoacid analysis of HA-tagged IRF2 immunoprecipitated from an asynchronous population of proliferating, metabolically phosphate-labelled cells indicates that this protein is phosphorylated exclusively upon serine residues in vivo. These results suggest that the oncogenic protein IRF2 may be regulated via multiple pathways during cellular growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:175-183, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 604-615 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: DNA replication ; apoptosis ; DNA cleavage ; endonuclease ; Bal 31 ; topological domains ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have addressed the association between the site of DNA cleavage during apoptosis and DNA replication. DNA double strand breaks were introduced into chromatin containing pulse labeled nascent DNA by the induction of apoptosis or autocleavage of isolated nuclei. The location of these breaks in relation to nascent DNA were revealed by Bal 31 exonuclease digestion at the cut sites. Our data show that Bal31 accessible cut sites are directly linked to regions enriched in nascent DNA. We suggest that these regions coincide with the termini of replication domains, possibly linked by strong DNA-matrix interactions with biophysically defined topological structures of 0.5 - 1.3 Mbp in size. The 50 kbp fragments that are commonly observed as products of apoptosis are also enriched in nascent DNA within internal regions but not at their termini. It is proposed that these fragments contain a subset of replicon DNA that is excised during apoptosis through recognition of their weak attachment to the nuclear matrix within the replication domain.J. Cell. Biochem. 70:604-615, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: pulmonary embolism ; thrombolysis ; venous thromboembolism ; pulmonary angiography ; thrombolytic therapy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We assessed the efficacy and safety of peripheral intravenous recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in 47 patients with angiographically documented pulmonary embolism (PE). We administered 50 mg/2 h and, if necessary, an additional 40 mg/4 h. By 6 hours, 94% of the patients had angiographic evidence of clot lysis that was slight in 5, moderate in 12, and marked in 27 patients. Among the 34 patients with pulmonary hypertension prior to treatment, average pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 43/17 (27) to 31/13 (19) mm Hg (P 〈 0.0001). The average lung scan perfusion defect decreased from 37% before therapy to 16% (P 〈 0.01) after therapy among the 19 patients who had pre- and post-treatment lung scans. Of 7 patients with pre- and post-treatment imaging and Doppler echocardiograms, hypokinetic right ventricular wall movement (mild in 1, moderate in 2, and severe in 4) normalized in 5 and improved to mild hypokinesis in 2. Right ventricular diameter decreased from 3.9 ± 1.0 to 2.0 ± 0.5 cm (P 〈 0.005). Fibrinogen decreased 33% from baseline at 2 h and 42% from baseline at 6 h. However, patients with the greatest degree of angiographic clot lysis at 2 h had a preponderance of fibrinogenolysis over fibrinolysis, demonstrated by a lower ratio of cross-linked fibrin degradation products to fibrin(ogen) degradation products (0.14 ± 0.09 vs. 0.54 ± 0.82) (P 〈 0.04). Among selected patients, peripheral intravenous rt-PA is associated with rapid lysis of PE, improved pulmonary perfusion, and improved right ventricular function.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lymphopoiesis with respect to recirculating and non-recirculating small lymphocytes was measured simultaneously in rats thymectomized as adults. Removal of the thymus at four to five weeks of age had a profound inhibitory effect upon the production of recirculating cells, whereas the formation of non-recirculating lymphocytes was only slightly depressed. Thymectomy had approximately the same impact of lymphopoiesis as thymectomy and exposure of the animal to a large dose of whole body X- and γ-irradiation. The latter finding, and the failure of a thoracic duct cell transfusion to augment lymphocyte production, accord with the view that the thymus is the principle intermediate source of recirculating small lymphocytes in the normal, unstimulated animal.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for measuring lymphopoiesis that enables the production of recirculating and non-recirculating small lymphocytes to be estimated simultaneously. Using this technique, experiments were undertaken to determine whether the production of recirculating cells is influenced by the number present in the recirculating lymphocyte pool. The results suggest that neither a massive lymphocyte transfusion nor depletion of the pool by whole body irradiation or chronic lymph drainage affect the rate at which recirculating small lymphocytes are generated.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 102 (1980), S. 81-89 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis of ribosomes in HeLa cells was studied during recovery from a 20-hour deprivation for valine. The rates of incorporation of labeled precursors into ribosomal pre-RNA, processed rRNA, total cellular proteins, and proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit returned to normal or nearly normal levels immediately after restoration of valine to the medium. Specific proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit, whose apparent net synthesis is reduced more than that of the other proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit during valine deprivation, were no longer undersynthesized after valine was restored. This rapid recovery suggests that the apparent decrease in the net rate of synthesis of these ribosomal proteins during valine deprivation is effected at the translational or post-translational level. No evidence of significant synchrony in any particular stage of the cell cycle was observed after a 20-hr valine deprivation. Key words: 60S ribosomal subunit; HeLa, cells; valine deprivation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 107 (1981), S. 271-281 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis and turnover of sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans (35S-GAGs) has been investigated in diploid human embryo fibroblasts during in vitro cellular aging. With progressive subcultivation, there was a decreased incorporation of Na235SO4 into 35S-GAGs released to the medium, but not into those accumulated at the cell surface. The composition of 35S-GAGs found in extracellular medium, cell surface (removable by gentle proteolysis), and intracellular compartments of the culture after 48-hr labeling did not change significantly with progressive subcultivation. Pulse-labeled 35S-GAGs moved from intracellular to surface and extracellular compartments more slowly in late-passage cultures. Addition of 1 mM β-xyloside to both early- and late-passage cultures produced a ten-fold enhancement of extracellular 35S-GAG production without a concomitant increase in surface-associated 35S-GAG. We interpret the data of this study to mean that secreted and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans represent different pools and that cellular aging has its effect primarily upon the secreted pool of glycosaminoglycans. Late-passage fibroblasts demonstrate marked decreases in proliferation, culture density, fibronectin matrix, and gap-junction formation. Our results suggest that glycosaminoglycan synthesis and composition are not intimately related to these parameters.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 86 (1975), S. 543-551 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the regulation of mouse melanoma cell growth and differentiation was investigated. A variant melanoma (Cloudman S91-F) which displays a greater degree of transformation than the parental cell (Cloudman S91) was isolated. A correlation between cyclic AMP metabolism and transformation was made. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP depressed cell growth and increased pigmentation in both parental and variant cell lines. The parental cell line, however, was more responsive to melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) which was found to affect cell growth and pigmentation by increasing cyclic AMP levels. The more transformed S91-F cell line contained lower levels of cyclic AMP than the parental cell line, and this fact correlated well with the higher degree of growth and lesser degree of pigmentation in the variant. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP in both cell lines was similar, while the adenylate cyclase activity of the variant cell line was lower than that of the parental cell line. Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated that the Km′s for the enzymes in the two cell lines were the same but that the Vmax of the S91-F cell line was significantly less than that of the S91 cell line. Thus, the lesion in the S91-F cell which is responsible for its more transformed characteristics seems to be one which affects adenylate cyclase at the level of the cell membrane.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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