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  • Articles  (79)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (21)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (20)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (20)
  • Mice  (17)
  • General Chemistry  (7)
  • Polygalacturonase  (7)
  • hypertension  (7)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chimeric transgene architecture on co-ordinated gene silencing (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 204 (1998), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chromoplast ; Gene silencing ; Phytoene synthase ; Polygalacturonase ; Lycopersicon ; Transgene architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Two gene constructs were made consisting of a 244-bp sense fragment from the 5′ end of a polygalacturonase cDNA, the 3′ end of which was ligated to a 414-bp fragment from the 5′ end of a phytoene synthase cDNA. In the first construct, the phytoene synthase fragment was in a sense orientation (sense/sense chimeric gene) and in the second construct the phytoene synthase fragment was in an antisense orientation (sense/antisense chimeric gene). Both chimeric genes were inserted between a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and terminator. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig) plants transformed with each construct gave rise to transformants with three distinct phenotypes: plants with red fruit, plants with pure yellow fruit and plants with red and yellow sectored fruit. For both chimeric constructs, expression of the endogenous polygalacturonase and phytoene synthase genes were found to be co-ordinately suppressed in yellow tissue, but showed normal expression in red tissue. Data from microscopic analyses of fruit chromoplasts, from the three phenotypes, implied that phytoene synthase suppression from each construct predominantly had two states within a cell: on or off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050284
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polygalacturonase during tomato fruit ripening (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 64-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; Mutant (tomato) ; Polygalacturonase ; Ripening (fruit)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell wall degrading enzyme polygalacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.15) is not detectable in green tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Activity appears at the onset of ripening and in ripe fruit it is one of the major cell-wall-bound proteins. Radioimmunoassay results, employing an antibody against purified polygalacturonase, suggest that during ripening the enzyme is synthesised de novo. Radioimmunoassay data also show that the low level of polygalacturonase in “Never ripe” mutants and the lack of activity in “ripening inhibitor” mutants can be correlated to the levels of immunologically detectable polygalacturonase protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402933
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing of ethylene and polygalacturonase synthesis in relation to the control of tomato fruit ripening (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 174-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene and fruit ripening ; Fruit ripening ; Lycopersicon (C2H4 and ripening) ; Polygalacturonase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A critical role in the initiation of ripening has been proposed for pectolytic enzymes which are known to be involved in fruit softening. The hypothesis that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ripening is controlled by the initial synthesis of the cell-wall-degrading enzyme polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15), which subsequently liberates cell-wall-bound enzymes responsible for the initiation of ethylene synthesis and other ripening events, has been examined. A study of kinetics of ethylene evolution and polygalacturonase synthesis by individual fruits in a ripening series, employing an immunological method and protein purification to identify and measure polygalacturonase synthesis, showed that ethylene evolution preceded polygalacturonase synthesis by 20h. Exogenous ethylene stimulated the synthesis of polygalacturonase and other ripening events, when applied to mature green fruit, whereas the maintenance of fruits in a low ethylene environment delayed ripening and polygalacturonase synthesis. It is concluded that enhanced natural ethylene synthesis occurs prior to polygalacturonase production and that ethylene is responsible for triggering polygalacturonase synthesis indirectly. Possible mechanisms for ethylene action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393652
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The appearance of polygalacturonase mRNA in tomatoes: one of a series of changes in gene expression during development and ripening (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Fruit ripening ; Lycopersicon (fruit ripening) ; mRNA (tomato ripening) ; Polygalacturonase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato mRNA was extracted from individual fruits at different stages of development and ripening, translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and the protein products analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that there are at least two classes of mRNA under separate developmental control. One group of approximately six mRNAs is present during fruit growth and then declines at the mature-green stage. Another group of between four and eight mRNAs increases substantially in amount at the onset of ripening, after the start of enhanced ethylene synthesis by the fruit, and continues to accumulate as ripening progresses. Studies of protein synthesis in vivo show that several new proteins are synthesised by ripening fruits including the fruit-softening enzyme polygalacturonase. One of the ripening-related mRNAs is shown to code for polygalacturonase, by immunoprecipitation with serum from rabbits immunised against the purified tomato enzyme. Polygalacturonase mRNA is not detectable in green fruit but accumulates during ripening. It is proposed that the ripening-related mRNAs are the products of a group of genes that code for enzymes important in the ripening process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393517
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of a tomato polygalacturonase gene abundantly expressed in the upper third of pistils from opened and unopened flowers (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 680-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Pistil ; Polygalacturonase ; Tomato ; Gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A polygalacturonase (PG) gene, TPG7 (Lyces;Pga1;8), has been cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rutgers). RNA blot analysis reveals that TPG7 is highly expressed in pistils (ovary removed) from unopened and fully open flowers. Dissection of mature pistils demonstrated that TPG7 expression is limited to the top third (stigmatic region) of the pistils. This is contrasted with another tomato PG, TAPG4, which is also expressed in the same region of the pistil but only in mature pistils from fully open flowers. Hybridization of the TPG7 probe to anther RNA was nil to none and was barely detectable in RNA from leaf and flower abscission zones. The TPG7 polypeptide shares 39% sequence identity with the tomato fruit PG and between 63% and 73% sequence identities with six other tomato PGs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002999900175
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of ketanserin after a single dose and at steady-state in hypertensive subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ketanserin ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension ; ketanserinol ; predicted plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in 6 hypertensive patients after a single oral 40 mg dose and at steady-state after 4 weeks treatment with 20 mg and then 40 mg 12-hourly. Pharmacokinetic variables after a single dose were similar to those reported in healthy volunteers, with median values for Cmax 112 ng·ml−1, tmax 1 h, and t1/2 19 h. The corresponding values for the metabolite ketanserinol were Cmax 155 ng·ml−1, tmax 2 h, and t1/2 25 h. The median AUC was 3.3 times greater for ketanserinol than for the parent drug. These results were used to predict the mean steady-state plasma concentrations of ketanserin and ketanserinol. Predicted values were on average similar to those observed after four weeks treatment with 40 mg 12-hourly, although there were marked differences between the observed and predicted values in some patients. There was no evidence of time- or dose-dependent kinetics for ketanserin, but the study had insufficient power to exclude the occurrence of these phenomena entirely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637642
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic metabolism of metoprolol: Clinical studies (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine oxidation ; metoprolol metabolism ; oxidation phenotype ; β-blockade ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After a single 200 mg oral dose of metoprolol tartrate the mean metoprolol AUC was found to be six-fold higher in poor metabolizers (PMs) of debrisoquine than in extensive metabolizers (EMs). This was associated with impaired metabolic clearance via α-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation. A population study (n=143) has shown a bimodal distribution in the ratio of metoprolol: α-hydroxymetoprolol recovered in urine which was correlated highly with the debrisoquine metabolic ratio. Nine per cent of the population were PMs. Plasma metoprolol concentrations three hours after a 100 mg oral dose of metoprolol were greater than 200 ng/ml in PMs but were lower than this in most EMs. This dose of metoprolol given once daily provided a clinically significant reduction (16%) in exercise heart rate in PMs after 24 hours. EMs require conventional doses (100 mg b.d.) to achieve the same degree of β-blockade. Preliminary data from family studies support the view that the defect in metoprolol oxidation is inherited. In 12 hypertensive patients who were EMs we compared the β-blocking activity and antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with metoprolol 200 mg once daily (conventional and long-acting formulations), with those of atenolol 100 mg once daily and placebo. The effects of all active preparations were similar at 3.5 hours but atenolol was superior to all metoprolol formulations at 24 hours after dosing. It is concluded that for the majority of patients metoprolol should be prescribed twice daily when using currently available dosage forms. Relationships between oxidation phenotype and side-effects should be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543716
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of tolmesoxide in hypertensive patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolmesoxide ; vasodilators ; hypertension ; side-effects ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effect and tolerability of a new vasodilator, tolmesoxide (T), have been studied in 6 uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving atenolol and a diuretic. After a 50 mg oral dose mean (± SD) peak plasma concentration of T was 1.13±0.29 µg/ml−1 and occurred 0.79±0.40 h after the dose; mean peak plasma concentration of its sulphone metabolite (M) was 0.37±0.09 µg/ml−1 at 1.92±1.32 h after the dose. Following peak plasma concentrations there was a monoexponential decline in T and M concentrations with half-lives of 2.78±0.77 h and 10.78±7.85 h respectively. There was a linear increase in plasma concentration of T and M during incremental dosing with 50–200 mg t. i. d. During in-patient administration of 600–900 mg T daily (n=6) there was no significant change in blood pressure, pulse rate or body weight. Out-patient administration of 900 mg T daily (n=4) was associated with a significant fall in mean systolic but not diastolic bp (lying −15/+1 mm Hg. standing −25/−8 mm Hg). A further fall was observed in 2 subjects receiving 1200 mg and 1500 mg daily. Supine pulse rate increased (mean ± SD) significantly from 55±5/min to 66±8/min following 900–1500 mg T in 4 out-patients. Severe nausea and other gastro-intestinal side-effects in all subjects receiving 600–900 mg daily eventually necessitated drug withdrawal. In its present from T is not recommended for the treatment of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568397
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose response and length of action of nifedipine capsules and tablets in patients with essential hypertension: A randomised crossover study (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 723-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; capsules ; tablets ; comparative dose response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients with essential hypertension on no other drug treatment were entered into a randomised crossover study of 5, 10 and 20 mg capsules of nifedipine given 3 times a day and 20 mg tablets given twice a day. Each dose was given for 2 weeks in a random order. All forms of nifedipine were effective in lowering blood pressure. However, 5 mg capsules were less effective than the 10 and 20 mg capsules or 20 mg tablets. There was little to choose between the latter. All doses of nifedipine were more effective 1 and 3 h after the dose compared to subsequent times afterwards. Indeed, as time elapsed after the last dose up to 12 h, there was a gradual increase in blood pressure. However, even at 12 h the 10, 20 mg capsules and 20 mg tablets were still causing an approximate 10% reduction in blood pressure. Nifedipine tablets are as effective as capsules though they might be longer acting, particurarly around 6 h after the last dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociation of biochemical and hypotensive effects of debrisoquine in hypertensive patients (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine ; hypertension ; renin ; catecholamines ; platelet monoamine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, metadrenaline, normetadrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, plasma renin activity and plasma and urinary debrisoquine were measured before and during chronic treatment with oral debrisoquine in 14 in-patients with essential hypertension. There was a significant fall (mean ±SD) in the 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (15.3±2.8 to 6.7±1.9 µmol) noradrenaline (199.0±105.8 to 125.2±43.3 nmol) and plasma renin activity (0.71±0.47 to 0.40±0.20 pmol Angio I ml−1 h−1) while the urinary normetadrenaline/noradrenaline ratio increased (10.4±6.1 to 17.1±5.1). No significant change was seen in the output of adrenaline or of O-methylated metabolites. Debrisoquine produces extensive noncompetitive inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase in vivo at low therapeutic plasma concentrations. These changes support the view that treatment with debrisoquine produces intraneuronal inhibition of monoamine oxidase and post-ganglionic blockage. There was a significant correlation between the change in standing diastolic blood pressure and the daily dose (rs=−0.52), pre-dose plasma concentration (rs=−0.85) and mean daily urinary recovery (rs=−0.80), of debrisoquine. The full extent of the biochemical changes were seen at low dose and low plasma concentration and were not directly correlated with the fall in standing or supine blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563111
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