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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical attractants for the smaller european elm bark beetleScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: aggregation pheromone ; α-cubebene ; 2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6 ; 8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ; Dutch elm disease ; elm bark beetle ; insect attractant ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; multilure ; multistriatin ; Scolytus multistriatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The secondary attractant for the smaller European elm bark beetleScolytus multistriatus is a mixture of three compounds: (-)4-methyl-3-heptanol(I); 2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1) octane (II); and (−)α-cubebene (III). The novel structure assigned to compound II was confirmed by synthesis. All three compounds were isolated from the volatile compounds collected on Porapak Q by aerating elm bolts infested with virgin female beetles. The GLC fractionations were monitored by two laboratory bioassays. Individually, each compound was inactive in the laboratory bioassays, but a mixture of all three showed activity nearly equivalent to that of the of the original Porapak extract. A mixture of synthetic I and II plus natural III (from cubeb oil) was highly attractive to beetles in preliminary field tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimate of the effectiveness of pheromone-baited traps for the suppression ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 527-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; Dutch elm disease ; pheromone ; Multilure ; mass-trapping ; Ulmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We attempted to suppress a population ofScolytus multistriatus (Marsham), the principal vector of Dutch elm disease, by trapping flying beetles on sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The estimated catch on 421 traps distributed throughout a 1-km2 plot in Detroit, Michigan, was nearly 1 million beetles. Because an estimated 5 million beetles emerged in the plot during the study period, we conclude that this preliminary trapping study had no appreciable effect on suppressing the population. Studies that employ improved materials and techniques are continuing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation attractant of the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 429-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; European Elm Bark beetle ; Scolytidae ; Dutch elm disease ; aggregation peromone ; kairomone ; aggregation attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three components of theScolytus Multistriatus aggregation attractant-4-methyl-3-heptanol (1), α-multistriatin (2), and α-cubebene (3)-were collected from beetles and elm wood by aeration, solvent extraction of host tissue, or solvent extraction of beetles and beetle parts. Bioassays and analysis of extracts demonstrated that (a) compounds 1 and 2 are produced by virgin females and 3 is host-produced, (b) cessation of the production of 1 is coincident with diminished attractiveness of females after they have been joined by males, (c) the release of 3 from elm wood is augmented by attacking beetles, and (d) the level of 3 is related to the condition of the wood, and fungal growth (particularlyceratocystis ulmi) may lead to increased levels of 3. Compound 1 was concentrated in the upper abdominal area and 2 in the abdomen tips, but neither component was in the hindgut. A gland opening through the vaginal palpi (a pair of sclerotized conical structures) was circumstantially associated with the release of 2. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 are regulatory agents that contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the beetle-elm-microorganism biosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988186
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogenesis in mouse neuroblastoma cells In vitro (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 77 (1971), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intracellular microelectrode studies of passive membrane properties and action potential generation were carried out on cloned and uncloned mouse neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture. The cloned cells were studied between the eighth and tenth months and the uncloned cells between the third and fifth weeks after primary dissociation. Electrophysiologic measurements of cell membrane properties were made by passing stimulating current pulses across the cell membrane from an intracellular microelectrode and recording simultaneously from the same electrode, by means of a bridge circuit, the changes in membrane potential. The range of responses to electrical stimulation varied from passive increases in membrane potential to repetitive firing of action potentials. A 20 fold range in spike generating capability was found. Passive membrane properties (membrane potential, specific membrane resistivity, and specific membrane capacitance) were similar to those of sympathetic neurons in intact preparations. Seventy-nine percent of the cloned cell line compared to 94% of the uncloned line were capable of generating action potentials. Less than 2% of the cloned cells showed repetitive firing whereas 23% of the uncloned cells had this property. As in several types of normal neurons, the action potential mechanism was largely, although not completely, blocked by iontophoretic and bath applied tetrodotoxin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040770308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of neuroblastoma cells to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 77 (1971), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dissociated mouse neuroblastoma cells were studied in vitro by using intracellular microelectrodes for electrical stimulation and recording. Some, but not all cells, which exhibited well developed action potentials to electrical stimulation also showed changes in membrane potential to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh). The types of responses to ACh varied. Short latency depolarizing responses to pulses of ACh (similar to those obtained with skeletal muscle) as well as sustained depolarization to steady ACh application (D response) occurred. A longer latency prolonged hyperpolarizing response (H response) and bi- and triphasic combinations of H and D responses were also seen.Pairs of cells showing morphologic contact were tested for the occurrence of effective synaptic coupling by placing intracellular microelectrodes in each cell. In none of 95 cases tested did spike activity produced by direct electrical stimulation of one cell elicit a synaptic potential of 200 μv or more in the other.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040770309
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