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  • Chemistry  (47)
  • Nuclear Structure  (14)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (10)
  • Engineering General  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal preparatory procedures of cryofixation for immunocytochemistry (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Quick freezing ; Freeze-substitution ; Amylase ; Parotid gland ; Gerbil ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: To examine the optimal preparatory procedures of cryofixation for immunocytochemistry, the labeling density over the antigenic sites in cells processed by various protocols of freeze-substitution and embedding was quantitatively evaluated. Fresh tissue blocks of gerbil parotid gland were quickly frozen by a metal contact method using liquid helium and freezesubstituted with one of the following media: 4% OsO4 in acetone or 0.4% OsO4 in acetone or 0.3% glutaraldehyde in acetone. They were then embedded in either an Epon-Araldite mixture or Araldite 6005, which were polymerized at 60°C and 50°C, respectively. Some frozen samples substituted with aldehyde-containing acetone were embedded in Lowicryl K4M (polymerized at  - 30°C). Immunocytochemical localization of amylase was examined by indirect immunostaining by using antigerbil parotid amylase antibody and protein A/gold complex. Thin sections of epoxyresin-embedded materials were treated with oxidizing agents before immunostaining. The central dense core of heterogeneous secretory granules in the acinar cells was heavily labeled with immunogold, regardless of substitution media and embedding resins employed. The labeling density on thin sections of all the cryofixed materials examined was about 1.5 times or more as high as in those processed by conventional chemical fixation. The highest value of the labeling density was obtained from material which was substituted with 0.3% glutaraldehyde in acetone and embedded in Araldite 6005. Substitution with osmium-containing acetone appeared not to seriously affect immunoreactivity of the antigenic sites and was advantageous because of the distinctive images of membranes. Advantages and disadvantages of the individual protocols employed are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical methods for a two-phase Stefan problem by variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1221-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140808
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one-phase multi-dimensional Stefan problem by the method of variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1197-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140807
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved explicit finite element method for tidal flow (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 1461-1475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A weighting function by which the mass matrix is made to be diagonal is deduced on the two-dimensional simplex element. Adopting the weighted residual method with the deduced weighting function for spatial domain and the two-step Lax-Wendroff method for time differentiation, the two-dimensinoal tidal flow in a model basin is calculated by means of the explicit finite element method. The water mass transport integrated over one tidal period at some cross-sections of the basin is also estimated, in order to verify the water mass conservation. It is found that the water mass is nearly conserved in the present method, although the usual lumped mass matrix technique fails to conserve.The present explicit finite element method with the conservative form of governing equations is also investigated and the water mass conservation is found to be a little more improved in this case than in the case of non-conservative forms. Application to a real bay indicates that the method with the conservative form of equations could be used for the estimation of tidal residual flow.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200809
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regioselectively modified stereoregular polysaccharides, 12.Part 11: cf.2. Synthesis of (1→6)-α-linked polysaccharides consisting of D-glucose and 2,3,4-tri-O-octadecyl-D-glucose units (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1988), S. 1019-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By ring-opening copolymerization of 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-octadecyl-β-D-glucopyranose (1) with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranose (2) using phosphorus pentafluoride as initiator in dichloromethane at 0°C, stereoregular copolymers 3, with M̄n = 6 · 103 to 24 · 103 were obtained. For debenzylation of copolymers 3, either the reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia or radical bromination-hydrolysis was applied, depending on solubility and copolymer composition. Poly[2,3,4-tri-O-octadecyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-stat-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)] (4,) exhibits characteristic solution properties arising from its amphiphilic structure. Polysaccharide 4, with mole fractions of trioctadecylated unit (x) below 0,03, are water-soluble and interact with magnesium 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) in water. The polysaccharide 4 (x = 0,29), which is soluble in chloroform, was found to solubilize an aqueous methyl orange solution in chloroform. Formation of micelles in water and reversed micelles in chloroform is suggested.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1988.021890506
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on chitin, 8Part 7: cf.6.. Modification reaction of chitin in highly swollen state with aromatic cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1161-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reaction of partially deacetylated chitin with aromatic cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and pyromellitic dianhydride was successfully carried out under almost homogeneous conditions in organic aprotic solvents using highly swollen precipitates of water-soluble chitin with about 50% deacetylation. The resulting amic acid-chitins were converted into the corresponding imide-chitins by heating. In addition to imidization, this heat treatment also promotes removal of acid anhydrides reacted at the hydroxyl group giving rise to the formation of selectively N-substituted derivatives. These novel chitin derivatives exhibit a much improved solubility in organic solvents and aqueous alkaline solutions. As anticipated, the imide-chitins, derived from trimellitic anhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride, showed reactivity toward amine under heterogeneous conditions, and the reaction capacities toward p-chloroaniline were determined to be 4,2 · 10-4 and 4,6 · 10-4 mol · g-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830510
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of actin filaments in shape formation of mesenteric mesothelial cells of the bullfrog (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of actin filaments in the development of cellular shape in the mesenteric mesothelium of the bullfrog was studied by using a simple, new technique for making en face preparations of mesothelial sheets. By using these mesothelial cell preparations, the distribution of actin was determined by means of fluorescence microscopy with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-phallacidin and that of myosin by means of immunofluorescence microscopy. Although fluorescence produced by both NBD-phallacidin and antimyosin staining was found exclusively along the margins of the cells, its intensity was altered in correspondence with changes in cell shape. For instance, tadpole-type mesothelial cells with either and irregular or very slender cell shape showed very weak fluorescence. On the other hand, frog-type mesothelial cells with a polygonal shape showed intense fluorescence at their margins and had circumferential bundles of acting filaments at their apices. Furthermore, intercellular junctions between the mesothelial cells developed as the cell shape became polygonal during metamorphosis. The present study showed that development of circumferential bundles of acting filaments and intercellular junctions may serve to establish and maintain the definitive polygonal cellular pattern in the mesenteric mesothelium of the bullfrog.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the number of seed polymer particles on the kinetic behavior of the seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylamide (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2689-2695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: kinetics ; mechanism ; emulsion copolymerization ; acrylamide ; styrene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seeded emulsion copolymerizations of styrene and acrylamide were carried out at 50°C using polystyrene latex particles as the seed and potassium persulfate as the initiator, respectively. It was found that the change in the number of seed particles initially charged causes a drastic change in the kinetic behavior of this seeded emulsion copolymerization system: when the number of seed particles initially charged was less than a certain critical value, both styrene and acrylamide started polymerization from the beginning of the reaction. However, when the number of seed particles was higher than this critical value, an apparent induction period suddenly emerged only for acrylamide polymerization, that is, acrylamide did not start polymerization until the styrene conversion exceeded around 75%, while the styrene polymerization started and continued very smoothly from the beginning of the reaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2689-2695, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of radiation-induced degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) as studied by ESR and electron spin echo methods (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1185-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of radical species in the degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) induced by γ-irradiation has been studied by means of electron spin resonance and electron spin echo spectroscopy. The major radical species generated initially at 77 K are assigned to main chain — CH — and side chain — COOCH2 radicals, and — COOCH3- anion radical. Only the — COOCH2 radical converts to the scission-type — CH2 — C(CH3)COOCH3 radical on warming the sample of 〉180 K. A part of the — CH — radical disappears on warming the sample of 〉265 K. It is concluded that the scission of PMMA main chain occurs by the intramolecular process from the — COOCH2 radical as the precursor state.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280519
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-catalyzed deprotection mechanism of tert-butyloxycarbonyloxy polymers in chemically amplified resists (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1035-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: acid-catalyzed deprotection mechanism ; chemically amplified resist ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mechanism of acid-catalyzed deprotection of poly(4-tert-butyloxycarbonyloxy-styrene), PBOCST, in chemically amplified resists has been elucidated in terms of elementary processes by means of semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. It is concluded that the overall deprotection of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC) group proceeds stepwise; i.e., (a) the first products are an acid carbonate and a tert-butyl cation; (b) a phenolic compound is the secondary and final product from the acid carbonate, which is realized by assistance with a counter anion accompanied by acid; (c) the counter anion also assists acid regeneration from the tert-butyl cation to produce isobutylene. The yield rate of the phenol is proportional to the product of concentrations of the polymer, the catalytic acid, and the counter anion. The activation energy (21 kcal/mol) calculated for the rate-determining step (a) is in good agreement with an experiment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1035-1042, 1998
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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