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  • Chemistry  (64)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (2)
  • Signal transduction  (2)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1)
  • Chromatin structure  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 33 (1994), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Schlagwort(e): Extracellular matrix ; Ising model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Receptor tyrosine kinases ; Signal transduction ; Tumor associated antigens (CEA) ; growth factors
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Schlagwort(e): Oscillatory calcium waves ; Signal transduction ; Stochastic simulation ; Structured Biological Modelling ; Systems analysis
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 212 (1988), S. 351-359 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatin structure ; DNase I-hypersensitive sites ; Maize ; Sh gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The chromatin structure of the 5′-upstream region of the Shrunken (Sh) gene in Zea mays has been examined. We have identified a region of DNase I hypersensitivity extending at least from the 3′-end of exon 1 for 2 kb into the 5′-flanking region. This region is composed of a set of closely spaced hypersensitive sites separated by small regions that are less accessible to DNase I. The most sensitive sites are located within 300 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Hypersensitive sites are found essentially at the same positions in kernels, roots and leaves, although the latter display different relative intensities. No changes are found in roots within the tested region upon anaerobic induction. Testing protein-free plasmid DNA containing the 5′ upstream region of the Sh gene, we found a site sensitive to the single strand specific nuclease S1 located very close to a DNase I hypersensitive site identified in chromatin. Several hypersensitive sites are flanking in vitro binding sites of nuclear proteins as determined by Werr et al. (1988; accompanying paper).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2785-2792 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Fragmentation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with Electronegative β-Substituents, XXXII: Reaction of 2,2-Dialkyl-1-cyclohexyl-3-tosyloxy-1-propanone with NucleophilesTosylates 6 and 12 are synthesized starting from ketones 4 and 10,6 and 12 react with CH3Li to yield the oxetanes 17 and 20. LiBH4 reduction of 6 and 12 leads to the oxetanes 16 and 19, as well as to the tosyloxy alcohols 21 and 22. The neopentyl substitution products 7 and 13 are obtained from 6 and 12 with KCN in DMSO, whereas from 6 the cyano oxetane 18 was isolated too. With potassium tert-butoxide 6 reacts to give the enol ether 23, whereas 12 leads to the cyclo-butanone 25. The triflate 14 react with NaOCH3 to give the substitution product 15.
    Notizen: Ausgehend von den Ketonen 4 und 10 werden die Tosylate 6 und 12 dargestellt, die mit CH3Li zu den Oxetanen 17 bzw. 20 reagieren. LiBH4-Reduktion von 6 bzw. 12 führt zu den Oxetanen 16 bzw. 19. daneben werden die Tosyloxy-alkohole 21 bzw. 22 isoliert. setzt man 6 bzw. 12 mit KCN in DMSO um, so werden die Neopentylsubstitutionsprodukte 7 bzw. 13, daneben aus 6 auch das Cyan-oxetan 18 erhalten. Mit Kalium-tert-butylalkoholat erhält man aus 6 den Enol-äther 23, dagegen aus 12 das Cyclobutanon 25. Das Triflat 14 reagiert mit NaOCH3 unter Substitution zu 15.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Das erst kürzlich am System Aceton/Diäthyläther/Polystyrol (AC/DEE/PS) erstmals beobachtete Phänomen der «Echten Kosolvenz» wird bezüglich seiner Druckabhängigkeit untersucht und mit dem thermodynamischen Verhalten der entsprechenden binären Subsysteme verglichen. Zur Feststellung der Grenzen der vollständigen Mischbarkeit diente dabei eine Druckapparatur, die zur Messung der Trübung von fluiden Phasen im Bereich von -70 bis +500°Cund von 1 bis 4000 bar (105 bis 4·108 Nm-2) gebaut wurde.Die für das System DEE/PS (MPS = 20400) beobachtete kritische Kurve verlluft ahnlich wie die in der Literatur fur AC/PS angegebene, d. h. die oberen kritischen Entmischungs-temperaturen werden mit steigendem Druck zu kleineren, die unteren kritischen Entmi-schungstemperaturen zu griiljeren Werten verschoben. Im Falle der echten Kosolvenz (MPS = 110000) umschreibt die kritische Kurve fur Normaldruck den Bereich von Tempe-ratur und Zusammensetzung des Mischlosungsmittels, in dem die Liisungen unabhangig von der Polymerkonzentration stets homogen bleiben. Mit steigendem Druck vergriibert sich dieser Bereich allseitig, so dafi eine trompetenartige kritische Fllche entsteht. Dieses experimentelle Ergebnis wird theoretisch durch die «single-liquid approximation» von Scott recht gut wiedergegeben, wenn man das thermodynamische Verhalten der binaren Subsysteme auf der Basis der Prigogine-Patterson-Theorie beschreibt.
    Notizen: The phenomenon of “true cosolvency”, which has only recently been observed in the system acetone/diethyl ether/polystyrene (AC/DEE/PS), is investigated with regard to its pressure dependence and compared with the thermodynamic behaviour of the corresponding binary sub-systems. For the determination of the limits of complete solubility, a pressure apparatus was used which had been constructed, in order to measure the turbidity of fluids in the temperature range of -70 to +500°Cand in the pressure range of 1 to 4000 bar (105 to 4·108 Nm-2).The critical line observed for the system DEE/PS (MPS=20400) looks similar to that reported for AC/PS in the literature, i.e. the upper critical solution temperatures are shifted towards lower and the lower critical solution temperatures towards higher values when the pressure is increased. In the case of true cosolvency (MPS=110000), the critical line for atmospheric pressure encircles the range of temperature and composition of the mixed solvent within which the solutions stay homogeneous irrespective of polymer concentration. With increasing pressure, this range expands all around, thus creating a trumpet-like surface. This experimental result is well reproduced theoretically by the “single-liquid approximation” of Scott, where the thermodynamic behaviour of the binary sub-systems is described on the basis of the Prigogine-Patterson theory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: From the break-down in the viscosity and from the increase of the intensity of the scattered light, associated with the entrance into the two-phase region, the pressure dependence of the demixing temperature of solutions of PVC 37 000, PVC 75 000 and PVC 100 000 in phenetole and PVC 75 000 in o-xylene was measured up to 1 000 bar. (The numbers in the codes of the PVC specimens are their approximate molecular weights.) The application of pressure increases the demixing temperatures of PVC in both solvents by about 1 K/100 bar. For a qualitative forecast of the pressure effects, the solubility parameter theory in combination with the corresponding states principle, and an empirical correlation to the relative distance of the critical demixing temperature to the melting point of the pure solvent were used. The results of both concepts are in accord with the experimental findings.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Investigations with ca. 100 organic liquids in a temperature range from -20°C to 90°C result in a survey of the solubility behaviour of PVC. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the solubility parameter theory: Accepting δ = 9,75 (cal/cm3)1/2 as the solubility parameter for PVC, all solvents (except ketones in which PVC is soluble independent of their solubility parameters) are located within the range of δPVC ± 0,75. Only three of the 100 liquids examined turned out to be (endothermal) theta-solvents, namely the aromatic solvents o-xylene, phenetole and dimethyl phthalate. The theta-temperatures in o-xylene and phenetole were determined viscometrically by means of the temperature dependence of the Mark-Houwink exponent to be 84 and 88°C, respectively. Viscosity measurements were also performed in the temperature range of 25 to 60°C with solutions of PVC 75 000 in 10 thermodynamically good solvents used for rheological investigations. In all cases the intrinsic viscosities decrease slightly with increasing temperature, i.e., all solutions are weakly exothermal. The binary cluster integral, β, was determined (taking the monomeric unit as the statistical segment) and the polar contribution, βe, was calculated from Yamakawa's theory. The correlations between the non-polar part of (βn = β - βe) and the solubility parameter of the solvent, found by Utracki, were tested and found to be valid for the present systems, too.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The countercurrent extraction method recently developed for the continuous polymer fractionation (CPF) was applied to linear polyethylene (M̄w = 55 kg/mol; M̄n = 16,7 kg/mol). At temperatures higher than 130°C, moderately concentrated solution of polyethylene were extracted to remove the low-molecular-weight components. Discontinuous fractionation experiments served to detect the best suited solvents. Diphenyl ether was chosen to demonstrate that the present extraction can be performed even with the same single solvent used to prepare the feed. For very high-molecular-weight polymers, mixed solvents are, however, normally better than single ones, since they allow an easier tailoring of thermodynamic conditions, and yield much less viscous solutions. Mixtures of tetralin and triethylene glycol turned out to be best suited for polyethylene. By means of four successive CPF runs with the single solvent, polyethylene fractions with non-uniformities U = (M̄w/M̄n) - 1 of approx. 0,3 to 0,4 were obtained on a 100 g scale. The rule of thumb that U can be halved in each CPF step without extensive optimization of the method was corroborated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1491-1504 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: In a new theoretical approach the separation of a pair of chain molecules (measured thermodynamically by the second osmotic virial coefficient A2) is treated as a two-step process: In the first step the molecules are detached from each other by the addition of solvent - keeping their dimensions constant - and in the second step the now isolated coils are allowed to relax into their equilibrium dimensions. For the description of the second step, in which only segments belonging to one molecule take part, an intra-molecular interaction parameter is introduced on the basis of the intrinsic viscosity. The present two-parameter approach yields A2 = A2∞ + σ M-(1-a) for the dependence of A2 on the molecular weight M of the polymer; a is the exponent of the Kuhn-Mark-Houwink equation and σ a parameter measuring the effects associated with the second step (becoming zero if the coil dimensions do not depend on polymer concentration). A test of the above relation by means of published material demonstrates its superiority over other two parameter theories: It can describe the actually measured A2(M) well down into the region of oligomers without an additional parameter and it comprises the conceptual advantage of explaining experimental observations concerning ∂A2/∂M 〉 0 or ∂A2/∂M ≈ 0 for high A2 values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 517-521 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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