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  • Chemical Engineering  (127)
  • General Chemistry  (63)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (60)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (46)
Collection
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Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1931-1936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341124
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of hydroxybenzoic acid-ethylene terephthalate copolymers and their blends with polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1095-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We present a basic study of the thermal, dielectric, Theological, and mechanical properties of hydroxybenzoic acid-ethylene terephthalate copolymers (PHB-PET). It is argued that they have two-phase structures, one rich in ethylene terephthalate (PET) and one rich in hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB). Polystyrene (PS) is immiscible in 60% PHB-PET (60-PHB-PET) blends. Polycarbonate (PC) is partially miscible with the high PET phase of 60-PHB-PET. PET seems completely miscible with this high PET phase. Shear viscosity measurements on blends indicate that 60-PHB-PET gives rise to large reductions of viscosity. Extrudates and melt-spun fibers have been prepared. The phase morphologies of low PHB-PET blends as determined by scanning electron microscopy indicate ellipsoids or long fibrils of the, 60-PHB-PET in PS or PC matrices. High extrusion rates and melt spinning produce fibrillar structures. The mechanical properties of films, extrudates, and melt-spun fibers were studied. Blends with 10% 60-PHB-PET exhibited significant increases in Young's modulus and tensile strength.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281704
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the miscibility of blends of polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene copolymers (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 586-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We investigated the miscibility of polybutadienes with butadiene-styrene copolymers of varying styrene content. The methods of optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering (SALS) were used. All polymers/copolymers used in this study have equivalent butadiene microstructures. Copolymers with high styrene levels are immiscible with polybutadiene. The tendency to miscibility increases with decreasing styrene content. An upper critical solution temperature is observed with the 23 percent styrene copolymer.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290904
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure development in biaxially stretched polystyrene film: Part I. Property-orientation correlation (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1516-1523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of orientation development in polystyrene film by biaxial stretching is described. Stretch ratios up to 7.2 × 7.2 were used. Mechanical properties of polystyrene films were correlated with the level of molecular orientation developed by uniaxial or biaxial stretching. Sensitivity of the mechanical properties to change due to development of orientation varied as follows: Yield strength 〈 Young's modulus 〈 Tensile strength 〈 Elongation to break. Brittle to ductile transition phenomena were observed at certain orientation values in the orientation triangle diagram. The transition occurs when f1B × f2B ∼ 0.0025 for biaxially oriented and f1B ∼ 0.015 in the machine direction for uniaxially oriented films. SEM photomicrographs show that the fracture surfaces of ductile failures exhibit many fibrils while brittle failures exhibit no fibrils.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibilizing agents in polymer blends: Interfacial tension, phase morphology, and mechanical properties (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 923-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interfacial tension, phase morphology, and phase growth was determined for four polymer blend systems: polyethylene/polystyrene, polyethylene/polyamide-6, polystyrene/polyamide-6, and polystyrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate). Generally, high interfacial tension correlates with coarse phase morphology and rapid phase coalescence. The addition of various potential compatibilizing agents to these binary blend systems results in lowered interfacial tension, finer and stabilized phase morphologies. The characteristics of different compatibilizing agents were compared for several of the blend systems. We also look at the influences of compatibilizing agents on mechanical properties of the blend systems. Some compatibilizing agents are able to produce substantial improvements in ultimate properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of non-isothermal flow in modular co-rotating twin screw extrusion (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Non-isothermal flow is simulated in the screw and kneading disc elements in a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder. Methods of calculating mean temperature rises for individual elements are discussed and results are presented. The implications of non-isothermal operation for scale-up is discussed. A method is then described for making calculations in a modular co-rotating machine, that contains many different elements. Example calculations are given showing the tendency of larger machines to buildup greater temperatures when viscous heating is included.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a compatibilizing agent on the phase morphology of a polyethylene-polyamide 6 blend in a modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of the influence of a compatibilizing agent on phase morphology development in a 75/25 polyethylene/polyamide-6 blend in a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder is presented. The development of phase morphology along the axis of the modular screw was observed by cooling the extruder and removing the polymer from the screw channels. Changes in phase morphology due to the addition of a compatibilizer have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Sufficient quantities of compatibilizing agent produce significant increases in the rate of mixing and also reduce the scale of the phase morphology. Much larger quantities (5%) than actually required for interface coverage are needed for rapid mixing. This seems to be due to the high viscosity of the matrix.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of warpage, global shrinkage, residual stresses, and mechanical behavior of rotationally molded parts produced from different polymers (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 815-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comparative study of warpage, global shrinkage, and residual quench stresses developed in rotational molding is made for a series of thermoplastics including various polythylenes, polypropylene, polyamide-6, polycarbonate, and polystyrene. The influence of rate of quench on uniaxial stress strain and impact behavior of rotomolded parts was also studied. Generally, warpage, global shrinkage, and residual stresses increase with increasing quench rate for all the polymers. Further, the levels of warpage and global shrinkage increases with extent of crystallization, i.e., products from glassy polymers exhibit little warpage and those from highly crystalline polymers are highly warped. Increasing rate of quench tends to increase elongation to break and impact strength.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of simultaneous biaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1534-1543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We offer a detailed study on the anisotropic optical properties in uni and simultaneous biaxially stretched Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films. Cast amorphous sheets of PET were stretched to a series of extension ratios in two mutually perpendicular directions at 80, 90, and 100°C. Additionally, 0selected films were subsequently “heat-set” by annealing with their width and lengths constrained. The principal refractive indices at sodium D wavelength of these, asstretched and heat-set films were obtained using a modified Abbe refractometer. The changes in the principal refractive indices with the processing history were correlated with the orientation of PET chains and phenyl plane normals, which were determined independently by wide angle X-ray (WAXS) pole figure technique.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A double bubble tubular film process to produce biaxially oriented poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) film (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1228-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A double bubble tubular film process to produce biaxially oriented poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) film is described. Operating windows were developed for stable operation of both the first and second bubbles. Films produced from single bubble tubular film extrusion were largely amorphous having only seven to nine percent crystallinity. Double bubble PPS tubular film had up to 20 percent crystallinity which was increased to 30 percent by further annealing. The first and second bubble films had surface roughness standard deviation heights of 0.01 to 0.04 μm. Orientation was characterized by birefringence and wide angle X-ray diffraction pole figures of the 110 and 112 reflections. Biaxial orientation factors were computed. The double bubble films had higher Young's modulus and tensile strength but lower elongation to break than the single bubble films. Annealing further increases Young's modulus and tensile strength but decreases elongation to break. Double bubble and annealed films with roughly equal second bubble drawdown ratio and second blow up ratio tend to have balanced properties in the plane of the film.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301907
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