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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (426)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (290)
  • Chemical Engineering  (173)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (154)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of the control of condensate subcooling in a vertical condenser (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 923-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature control of subcooled reflux in a distillation column was studied experimentally using coolant flow rate as the manipulative variable. Methanol vapor was condensed and subcooled at one atmosphere in a vertical heat exchanger with 210 copper tubes (0.77 cm I.D., 91.5 cm long). Cooling water flowed countercurrently through the shell side (20.6 cm I.D.).A proportional-integral feedback controller provided good temperature control at normal design throughputs. But dynamic control performance deteriorated at low throughputs (or large areas). Thus the normal conservative design practice of providing excess area in this type of condenser leads to poorer temperature control.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monoclonal antibody to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (1982)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 20 (1982), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; A431 ; EGF receptor ; chromosomal location ; internalization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody of the IgG class, EGFR1, has been isolated using cells of the epidermoid carcinoma line A431 as immunogen. The A431 antigen recognized by EGFR1 has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 175,000, is a cell-surface molecule which can be specifically cross-linked to EGF, exhibits an EGF-stimulated protein kinase activity, binds to EGFR1 in a number of human cell lines to a degree which parallels EGF binding, and shows EGF-dependent internalization in A431 cells and human fibroblasts. We therefore conclude that EGFR1 is directed against an antigenic site on the human EGF receptor. EGFR1 is not mitogenic for human fibroblasts and does not inhibit EGF binding under a variety of assay conditions. The characterization of EGFR1 has allowed the unambiguous assignment of the structural gene for the human EGF receptor to chromosome 7. Preliminary results suggest that a convenient method for isolating a range of anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies can be developed, based on a hybridoma supernatant screening assay in which positive supernatants bind selectively to a human-mouse cell hybrid containing human chromosome 7.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240200207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zygotic expression of the connexin43 gene supplies subunits for gap junction assembly during mouse preimplantation development (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 30 (1991), S. 18-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gap junction protein ; Gene expression ; Compaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: De novo assembly of gap junctions begins during compaction in the eight-cell stage of mouse development, and intercellular coupling mediated by gap junctions appears to be required for maintenance of the compacted state. We have begun to explore the expression of the family of genes encoding the connexins, the proteins that form the gap junction channels. We recently reported that a protein with antigenic and size similarity with connexin32, the rat liver gap junction protein, is inherited as an oogenetic product by the mouse zygote, but its gene appears not to be transcribed prior to implantation (Barron et al., Dev Genet 10:318-323, 1989). Here we report that another member of this gene family, connexin43, is transcribed by the embryonic genome from shortly after the time of genomic activation. As revealed by Northern blotting, connexin43 mRNA is absent from ovulated oocytes, becomes detectable in the 4-cell stage, and accumulates steadily thereafter to reach a maximum in blastocysts. In contrast, no transcripts of connexin26 could be detected in any preimplantation stage. A protein with antigenic and size similarity with connexin43 from rat heart was found by Western blotting to accumulate from the four-cell stage onward. Immunofluorescence analysis with embryo whole mounts was used to demonstrate that this protein is incorporated into punctate interblastomeric foci during compaction, consistent with its assembly into gap junction plaques. We conclude that connexin43 is one member of the connexin gene family whose zygotic expression is critical for preimplantation morphogenesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080300103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of intercrystalline links in the environmental stress cracking of high density polyethylene (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Results of dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and tensile stress-strain data show that the non-ionic surfactant Igepal CO-630, often used as a stress cracking agent, and water are absorbed by high density polyethylene to cause an internal stress relaxation of the intercrystalline tie molecules. The resulting molecular rearrangements produce changes in both the crystalline and amorphous regions. Thus, a molecular mechanism is proposed for the long-term aging process based on the results of accelerated aging in the presence of an environmental stress cracking agent.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of production of a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 121 (1984), S. 298-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for cultured cells of mesenchymal origin. Known sources of PDGF or PDGF-like protein are blood platelets, several transformed cell lines, and cultured endothelial cells (EC). We have examined the regulation of production of a PDGF-like protein in cultures of bovine aortic EC using a specific radioreceptor assay for PDGF. EC constitutively secreted PDGF-like protein into serum-containing or serum-free medium. The rate of production of PDGF-like protein was constant for at least 3 weeks and was not due to release of an internal store, since cell lysis by repeated freeze/thaw cycles did not relase significant amounts of the protein. Synthesis of PDGF-like protein was sensitive to changes in the pH of the media and was maximal at pH 8.5. Production of PDGF-like protein was independent of EC growth rate: rapidly dividing cells and confluent, quiescent cells produced equal amounts per cell. However, sparse, quiescent EC produced more PDGF-like protein per cell than did confluent, quiescent cells. Several phorbol esters stimulated production of PDGF-like protein. At a concentration of 10-6 M, a twofold stimulation was observed upon addition of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and nearly a fourfold stimulation upon addition of the nonpromoting analog, methyl TPA. Incubation of EC with endotoxin (10 μ/ml) resulted in a twofold stimulation of PDGF-like protein production. In all experiments with endotoxin and phorbol esters, an increase in the production of PDGF-like protein was accompanied by morphological changes in the EC cultures. The cells appeared elongated and fibroblastic and exhibited low viability. A mathematical model was developed in which PDGF-like protein production was shown to consist of two separate components - production at a constant rate by healthy cells and a large burst of synthesis and secretion by dying cells. These results suggest that injurious agents may be capable of stimulating production of a growth factor by the endothelium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041210206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a postlavage, in situ pulmonary macrophage population (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 111 (1982), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A postlavage in situ subpopulation of pulmonary macrophages (PM), biochemically distinct from the lavaged population, has recently been isolated from rats. After exhaustive bronchopulmonary lavage to extract the free lung cells, the lungs were excised, homogenized, and filtered, and the resultant cell suspension was allowed to form a monolayer on plastic Petri dishes. Electron microscopic morphometry failed to indicate any morphologic differences in the two populations. The postlavage in situ PM were more active metabolically during phagocytosis of zymosan particles or stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) than the corresponding lavage population, as evidenced by greater superoxide generation. Macrophages prepared by either method became more avidly phagocytic when incubated with cell-free medium isolated in the preparation of the in situ population. Peroxidase, an enzyme absent from the granules of PM separated by lavage techniques, was found in a granule-rich fraction of the in situ macrophage. Catalase activity was found in similar amounts in both supernatants and granule-rich fractions of both populations. The results support the concept of subpopulations of PM and suggest that these subpopulations are distinguished by their biochemical properties and their functional abilities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041110115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the production of glutamine in cultured mouse cells (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 77 (1971), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glutamine synthetase activity of NCTC clone 929 mouse cells (strain L) was studied as a function of the prior nutritional experience of the cells. Small enzyme increases were recorded in response to either glutamine depletion or chronic serum supplementation of the growth medium. Somewhat greater increases resulted from the administration of cortisol or certain other steroids, particularly if the hormone treatment was combined with glutamine withdrawal. High concentrations of glutamate in the medium did not augment the glutamine synthetase content of the cells and even caused an apparent decrease in it. The presence of glutamine in the culture medium resulted in a fairly rapid rate of disappearance of the glutamine synthetase of previously induced cells. The data suggest that glutamine and cortisol act independently on the cells in regulating the level of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040770203
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  • 8
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    Application of Risk within Net Present Value Calculations for Government Projects (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: In January 2004, President Bush announced a new vision for space exploration. This included retirement of the current Space Shuttle fleet by 2010 and the development of new set of launch vehicles. The President's vision did not include significant increases in the NASA budget, so these development programs need to be cost conscious. Current trade study procedures address factors such as performance, reliability, safety, manufacturing, maintainability, operations, and costs. It would be desirable, however, to have increased insight into the cost factors behind each of the proposed system architectures. This paper reports on a set of component trade studies completed on the upper stage engine for the new launch vehicles. Increased insight into architecture costs was developed by including a Net Present Value (NPV) method and applying a set of associated risks to the base parametric cost data. The use of the NPV method along with the risks was found to add fidelity to the trade study and provide additional information to support the selection of a more robust design architecture.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Sulfur-bearing Phases Detected by Evolved Gas Analysis of the Rocknest Aeolian Deposit, Gale Crater, Mars (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite detected SO2, H2S, OCS, and CS2 from ~450 to 800degC during evolved gas analysis (EGA) of materials from the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater, Mars. This was the first detection of evolved sulfur species from a Martian surface sample during in situ EGA. SO2 (~3-22 mol) is consistent with the thermal decomposition of Fe sulfates or Ca sulfites, or evolution/desorption from sulfur-bearing amorphous phases. Reactions between reduced sulfur phases such as sulfides and evolved O2 or H2O in the SAM oven are another candidate SO2 source. H2S (~41-109 nmol) is consistent with interactions of H2O, H2 and/or HCl with reduced sulfur phases and/or SO2 in the SAM oven. OCS (~1-5nmol) and CS2 (~0.2-1 nmol) are likely derived from reactions between carbon-bearing compounds and reduced sulfur. Sulfates and sulfites indicate some aqueous interactions, although not necessarily at the Rocknest site; Fe sulfates imply interaction with acid solutions whereas Ca sulfites can form from acidic to near-neutral solutions. Sulfides in the Rocknest materials suggest input from materials originally deposited in a reducing environment or from detrital sulfides from an igneous source. The presence of sulfides also suggests that the materials have not been extensively altered by oxidative aqueous weathering. The possibility of both reduced and oxidized sulfur compounds in the deposit indicates a nonequilibrium assemblage. Understanding the sulfur mineralogy in Rocknest materials, which exhibit chemical similarities to basaltic fines analyzed elsewhere on Mars, can provide insight in to the origin and alteration history of Martian surface materials.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN21407 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (ISSN 2169-9097) (e-ISSN 2169-9100); 119; 2; 373-393
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Space Studies of the Earth-Moon System, Planets, and Small Bodies of the Solar System (B) Past, Present and Future of Small Body Science and Exploration (B0.4) (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: To achieve its long-term goal of sending humans to Mars, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to proceed in a series of incrementally more complex human space flight missions. Today, human flight experience extends only to Low- Earth Orbit (LEO), and should problems arise during a mission, the crew can return to Earth in a matter of minutes to hours. The next logical step for human space flight is to gain flight experience in the vicinity of the Moon. These cis-lunar missions provide a "proving ground" for the testing of systems and operations while still accommodating an emergency return path to the Earth that would last only several days. Cis-lunar mission experience will be essential for more ambitious human missions beyond the Earth-Moon system, which will require weeks, months, or even years of transit time. In addition, NASA has been given a Grand Challenge to find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them. Obtaining knowledge of asteroid physical properties combined with performing technology demonstrations for planetary defense provide much needed information to address the issue of future asteroid impacts on Earth. Hence the combined objectives of human exploration and planetary defense give a rationale for the Asteroid Re-direct Mission (ARM).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-35713 , COSPAR Scientific Assembly; Jul 30, 2016 - Aug 07, 2016; Istanbul; Turkey
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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