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Weathering of rock, corrosion of stone and rusting of iron (1992)

Harris, J. E.

Springer

Meccanica 27 (1992), S. 233-250

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ISSN: 1572-9648

Keywords: Stone ; Metals ; Weathering ; Corrosion ; Rusting ; Mechanics of masonry

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Scopo del presente articolo e'presentare una rassegna dei fattori intrinseci ed estrinseci che influenzano la durabilita' della muratura. All'interno di tale rassegna si sviluppano altri temi, ed in particolare uno studio sui danni provocati dai cambiamenti di volume che accompagnano le modificatzioni biologiche, fisiche, chimiche. Nella prima parte dell'articolo ci si sofferma sulle modificazioni degli ammassi rocciosi durante le ere geologiche, e sul nesso tra i dati desunti da tale analisi e il problema della corroasione della pietra. La parte finale dell'articolo e'invece dedicata ad uno studio degli stati tensionali e fessurativi risultanti dall'espansione legata alla corrosione di elementi metallici di rinforzo posti all'interno della muratura. Benche' il danno strutturale sia l'argomento centrale della discussione, vengono anche presi in considerazione i problemi conness alla dissoluzione e alla comparsa di macchie, e si illustrano alcuni.

Notes: Abstract The central purpose of this paper is to present a survey of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors which influence the durability of masonry. In approaching this subject other themes are developed; in particular a study is made of the damage due to the volume changes which accompany all biological, physical and chemical changes. Light can be thrown on the corrosion of stone from a knowledge of the weathering of rocks throughout geological time, and this aspect is explored in the opening section of the paper. The final part of the paper consists of a study of the stresses and cracking of stone which can result from the expansive rusting of iron or steel reinforcements. Although mechanical damage dominates the discussion, some comments are made on the staining and dissolution of stone and examples are illustrated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430048

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Macro- and microsegregation of Zn in bridgman-grown CdZnTe (1995)

Capper, P. ; Harris, J. E. ; O'Keefe, E. S. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 101-108

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ISSN: 1057-9257

Keywords: CdZnTe ; Zn segregation ; Bridgman ; ACRT ; substrates ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics

Notes: One of the remaining problems in the use of CdZnTe material as substrates in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) of CdxHg1-xTe (CMT) layers is that of variation in lattice matching, i.e. Zn content, across substrates. This wil become increasingly important in the future as larger focal plane arrays of infrared detectors are required. The basic Bridgman growth process for CdTe/Cd0.96Zn0.04Te has been extended by applying the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). A marked reduction in axial Zn segregtion is seen in 50 mm diameter ACRT material, but this effect is smaller in the case of 75 mm diameter crystals. Radial variations in Zn content are small in both sizes of crystal, demonstrating the benefits obtained from ACRT stirring. Both macro- and microsegregation effects have been studied in these crystals in an attempt to understand the growth mechanism. Zinc distributions have been assessed by near-infrared transmission, X-ray lattice parameter measurements, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and Auger electron spectrometry (AES). The last technique was used for the microsegregation studies, while AAS provides the absolute calibration for Zn content. Comparisons with segregation behaviour found in the literature will be given. It will be shown that the low temperature gradient and low growth rate lead to a degree of supercooling in the first-to-freeze region and this leads to significant Zn segregation in both radial and axial directions. As the crystals reach full diameter, the radial variation is decreased, presumably by the action of the ACRT, and axial segregation is also reduced.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.