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Corrosion casts as a method for investigation of the insect tracheal system (1989)

Meyer, Eric P.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 1-6

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Corrosion casts ; Tracheal system ; Respiration ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Insecta ; Cataglyphis bicolor, Apis mellifera, Musca domestica (Insecta) Tracheal system, insects

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The tracheal systems of five insect species (two species of ants, worker bee, housefly and the cabbage butterfly) have been studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. This technique, which is commonly used for the investigation of vertebrate vasculature, is adapted to demonstrate the ultrastructure of the insect respiratory organ. The problem of filling a “blind ending system” was solved by injecting the resin Mercox into the evacuated tracheae through a thoracal spiracle. After polymerization of the resin, the tissue was digested enzymatically and chemically. The three-dimensional structure of the tracheal system was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The technique used here displays for the first time the complex morphology of the entire tracheal system in fine detail, especially the structure of spiracles, airsacs, tracheae and tracheoles. Smooth-walled terminal tracheoles show up in flight muscles. The finest tracheoles that could be identified have diameters of approximately 70 nm. This approaches the finest tracheoles portrayed by transmission electron micrographs.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224712

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The differential expression of the G surface antigen alleles in Paramecium primaurelia heterozygous cells correlates to macronuclear DNA rearrangement (1992)

Keller, Anne-Marie ; Mouël, Anne Le ; Caron, François ; [et al.]

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 306-317

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ISSN: 0192-253X

Keywords: Surface antigen ; Paramecium primaurelia ; macronuclear DNA ; DNA rearrangement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: The Paramecium primaurelia cell surface is covered with a high molecular weight protein called the surface antigen. Several genes encode alternative surface antigens, but only one is expressed at a time. In addition, each of these genes shows a high degree of allelic polymorphism. Paramecium primaurelia strains 156 and 168 have different alleles of the G antigen gene whose respective antigens can be distinguished in vivo using specific antibodies. An interallelic exclusion phenomenon has been previously described: 94% of the 156/168 heterozygotes express only the 156 allele of the G gene; 6% express both the 156 and the 168 alleles. The phenotype of the heterozygotes is determined at the time of macronuclear differentiation. We have investigated the molecular basis for the different heterozygous phenotypes. Both mRNAs are always produced, and the 156 mRNA is always more abundant than the 168 mRNA. The relative amounts of these messages, however, vary greatly between different heterozygotes and parallel their phenotype. Pushing the analysis further, we show that the copy number of each allele in the macronucleus correlates with the relative amounts of the mRNAs. However, allelic dosage alone is not sufficient to explain the variations of the mRNA ratio. The G antigen gene is located near a telomere in the macronucleus. We show that the distance between the 156G gene and the telomere is different in homozygotes and heterozygotes. It also varies among heterozygotes and is correlated with the mRNA ratio. Thus, we have identified two different parameters, both linked to the genome rearrangements occurring during macronuclear differentiation, that correlate with the relative expression of the two alleles. Two hypotheses concerning the influence of the telomere position on the expression of the gene are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.