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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using hybrid and backcross larvae of Papilio canadensis and Papilio glaucus to detect induced phytochemical resistance in hybrid poplar trees experimentally defoliated by gypsy moths (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: hybrid genotypes ; herbivore defoliation ; phytochemical induction ; differential growth rates ; indirect competition ; phenolic glycoside detoxification ; Lymantria dispar ; Papilionidae ; tiger swallowtail butterflies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sub-plots of hybrid poplars were experimentally defoliated using 10 million gypsy moth larvae. Half of the defoliated (and undefoliated control) plots were fertilized to see if this would ameliorate the predicted induction of carbon-based phenolic defenses in the regrowth leaves. In order to bioassay the leaves of the four different treatments, we employed a continuum of genotypes (different hybrids and backcrosses of two different species of tiger swallowtail butterflies) with different abilities to detoxify these allelochemicals. Based on our previous studies with phytochemicals from the Salicaceae plant family, Papilio canadensis was likely to consume and process all Populus spp treatments, whereas P. glaucus predicted to either not consume or else quickly die on all Populus treatment leaves. Hybrid and backcross larvae of these two butterfly species are known to have intermediate levels of esterase detoxication enzymes and would therefore be likely to provide a continuum or at least varying degrees of sensitivity in bioassays for even the most subtle induction responses in the regrowth leaves. This presumption was supported in the feeding and growth studies conducted at different times post-defoliation during the 1997 growing season in Michigan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003653424417
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of physiological improvement in performance of Callosamia promethea larvae on local host plant favorites (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 86 (1991), S. 232-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Callosamia ; Feeding specialization ; Local host preference ; Physiological adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary As a species, the promethea silkmoth, Callosamia promethea (Saturniidae: Lepidoptera) exhibits a wide host range on 6–10 families of plants, although specific populations are known to have local foodplant favorites. We tested the hypothesis that larvae from a particular host plant lineage would show physiological adaptations to this host compared with larvae from other host plant lineages. We found no evidence that larval survival and growth was any better for larvae fed the natural plant of the parental population than for larvae from other host lineages. These natural host lineages include: black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume). The only apparent manifestation of physiological specialization was the inability of tuliptree lineages of C. promethea to survive on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), although this may reflect the geographical pattern of adaptation to birch, rather than a negative correlation with adaptation to tuliptree. These results suggest that for C. promethea larvae, growth performance and survival is primarily influenced by plant nutritional quality, rather than physiological adaptations to the locally preferred host plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnolia virginiana Neolignan compounds as chemical barriers to swallowtail butterfly host use (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1661-1671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Papilio palamedes ; Papilio troilus ; Papilio glaucus ; Hyphantria cunea ; Papilionidae ; Arctiidae ; Lepidoptera ; swallowtail butterfly ; magnolol ; 5,5′-diallyl-2 ; 2′-dihydroxybiphenyl ; 4,4′-diallyl-2′ ; 3′-dihydroxybiphenyl ether ; herbivore-plant ; toxins ; deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of toxins and deterrents in preventingtroilus group species (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from feeding on magnoliaceous hosts was investigated using bioassay-directed isolation ofMagnolia virginiana allelochemicals. A fraction consisting of three neolignan compounds significantly reduced survival of first instarP. palamedes, atroilus group member. Two of these compounds, magnolol and a biphenyl ether, were tested individually and were both toxic toP. palamedes. The larval survival ofP. troilus, anothertroilus group species, was also significantly reduced by magnolol but not by the biphenyl ether. In contrast,P. glaucus, a polyphagousglaucus group species that feeds on magnoliaceous hosts, was not affected by either compound. The effect of these compounds against a. polyphagous nonpapilionid was examined using the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea, Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). The biphenyl ether but not magnolol significantly lowered webworm first-instar survival, demonstrating that polyphagy does not preadapt lepidopterans to feeding on this neolignan. These results demonstrate that although phagostimulants play a role in the specialization of thetroilus group on the Lauraceae, the presence of toxins and/or deterrents in nonhosts is also important in determining food plant patterns in these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993237
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