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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1052 (1990), S. 427-438 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Calcium oscillation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: On 4 July 1997, the Mars Pathfinder landed on the surface of Mars carrying the first planetary rover, known as the Sojourner. Formally known as the Microrover Flight Experiment (MFEX), the Sojourner was a low cost, high-risk technology demonstration, in which new risk management techniques were tried. This paper summarizes the activities and results of the effort to conduct a low-cost, yet meaningful risk management program for the MFEX. The specific activities focused on cost, performance, schedule, and operations risks. Just as the systems engineering process was iterative and produced successive refinements of requirements, designs, etc., so was the risk management process. Qualitative risk assessments were performed first to gain some insights for refining the microrover design and operations concept. These then evolved into more quantitative analyses. Risk management lessons from the manager's perspective is presented for other low-cost, high-risk space missions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Since the 1960's there have been efforts world-wide to develop robotic mobile vehicles for traversing planetary surfaces.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Measurements provided by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft are analyzed to investigate the Martian magnetotail configuration as a function of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY. We find that the magnetotail lobes exhibit a ~45deg twist, either clockwise or counterclockwise from the ecliptic plane, up to a few Mars radii downstream. Moreover, the associated cross-tail current sheet is rotated away from the expected location for a Venus-like induced magnetotail based on nominal IMF draping. Data-model comparisons using magnetohydrodynamic simulations are in good agreement with the observed tail twist. Model field line tracings indicate that a majority of the twisted tail lobes are composed of open field lines, surrounded by draped IMF. We infer that dayside magnetic reconnection between the crustal fields and draped IMF creates these open fields and may be responsible for the twisted tail configuration, similar to what is observed at Earth.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN60525 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276) (e-ISSN 1944-8007); 45; 10; 4559-4568
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Martian magnetosphere is a product of the interaction of Mars with the interplanetary magnetic field and the supersonic solar wind. The location of the bow shock has been previously modeled as conic sections using data from spacecraft such as Phobos 2, Mars Global Surveyor, and Mars Express. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission spacecraft arrived in orbit about Mars in November 2014 resulting in thousands of crossings to date. We identify over 1,000 bow shock crossings. We model the bow shock as a three-dimensional surface accommodating asymmetry caused by crustal magnetic fields. By separating MAVEN's bow shock encounters based on solar condition, we also investigate the variability of the surface. We find that the shock surface varies in shape and location in response to changes in the solar radiation, the solar wind Mach number, dynamic pressure of the solar wind, and the relative local time location of the strong crustal magnetic fields (i.e., whether they are on the dayside or on the nightside).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN61451 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (e-ISSN 2169-9402); 123; 6; 4542-4555
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The premise of the design of operations for the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) is that the vehicles will drive each day. As a result, they will encounter some aspect of the terrain environment that cannot be anticipated or otherwise accommodated by the sequences linked onboard that day. The operations team then must correct the problem by planning then commanding the execution of a different drive the next day. Often other aspects of the operation on the surface of Mars: environmental changes, component degradation, errors in sequence design or execution, etc., lead to anomalies which must be addressed before normal operations can resume. The operational design that makes it possible to recover from a driving error each day also reduces the time needed to recover from anomalies. As an example of the efficiency achieved, less than 5% (about 30 sols out of 700 sols of operations) of the time on the surface has been devoted to recovery from anomalies for each vehicle. In this paper the major anomalies experienced by the MER rovers will be recounted and the streamlined approaches to addressing these problems described. The operational flexibility developed for these missions is also a function of the system design that anticipated a number of likely faults and conditions arising from uncertainty in sequence execution and environmental change. This design will be described as well as the considerations in operation that motivated this design. These considerations will likely be present in any future surface mission.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: AIAA SpaceOps Conference; Jun 19, 2006 - Jun 24, 2006; Rome; Italy
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Assembly of electromechanical and electronic equipment (including computers) constitutes test bed for development of advanced robotic systems for remote manipulation. Combines features not found in commercial systems. Its architecture allows easy growth in complexity and level of automation. System national resource for validation of new telerobotic technology. Intended primarily for robots used in outer space, test bed adapted to development of advanced terrestrial telerobotic systems for handling radioactive materials, dangerous chemicals, and explosives.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: NPO-17898 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 14; 11; P. 46
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  • 8
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Telerobot testbed used to evaluate technologies for remote servicing, including assembly, maintenance, and repair. Enables study of advantages and disadvantages of modes and problems encountered in implementing them. Best technologies for implementing modes chosen. Provides delays simulating transmission delays between control stations on ground and orbiting spacecraft. Includes five major equipment subsystems, each consisting of such commercially available equipment as video cameras, computers, and robot arms. Used on Space Station and on Space Shuttle and satellites in orbit. Also used in hazardous and underwater environments on Earth.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: NPO-18061 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 15; 10; P. 32
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Administration of complicated system speeded and simplified. Computer system uses bar codes to keep track of more than 2,200 items of test equipment. BETUS (Barcode Equipment Tracking and Utilization System), maintains data base on what items borrowed, who is using them and where, and when calibrated. Keeps records on tools and small electronic components. Saves on equipment purchases and recovers missing equipment more quickly. Cuts check-in and checkout time by 90 percent.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: KSC-11370 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 14; 6; P. 42
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: We report for the first time, simultaneous ion, electron, magnetic field vector and electric field wave measurements made possible by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, during ion energy flux spikes in lowaltitude radial crustal magnetic fields on the Mars dayside. Observations show energetic electrons and ions (E 〉 25 eV) precipitating on magnetic field lines assumed as closed. Ions (E 〈 1.4 keV) display broad velocity distributions toward Mars, showing ions flowing from higher altitude possibly after magnetic reconnection or loss cone filling from pitch angle scattering effects. Precipitating ions (E 〈 1.4 keV) show nonadiabatic features depending on ion mass and energy and returning ions (E 〈 1.4 keV) show evidence of conserving the first adiabatic invariant in a mirror field. We observe magnetic field perturbations up to 60 nT, electric field wave amplitudes up to 38 mV/m, and brief periods of peaked electron spectra. At 175 km and at times Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN is below the mirroring altitude of electrons, we observe mirroring and transverse heating of H+ ions alongside increased electric field wave amplitude fluctuations. It suggests field aligned potential drops result from different mirror altitudes of ions and electrons. Ions E 〉 1.4 keV (O+) occur as injected accelerated ion beams and ions heated after energization or deceleration. Energy dispersed kiloelectronvolt ions suggest a selection effect in radial magnetic fields for lowerenergy Marsward ions, compared to reflection of higherenergy antiSunward ions. Precipitating kiloelectronvolt ions show energy deposition rates of 3.6 10(exp -6) W/sq m and sputtering escape rates from precipitating O+ ions of 1.5 10(exp 5)/(sq cm.s) and 2.1 10(exp 6)/(sq cm.s) are calculated.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN68737 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (e-ISSN 2169-9402); 124; 2; 1239-1261
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