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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 187 (1995), S. 132-137 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Electroporation ; Electropermeabilization ; Lilium longiflorum ; Pollen grains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electroporation was used to introduce plasma membrane impermeable molecules into the cytoplasm of pollen grains ofLilium longiflorum. Ungerminated pollen grains were exposed to the fluorescent dye quin2 or FITC-labelled dextrans and electroporated with exponentially decaying voltage pulses of 250 to 2000 V/cm and time constants of 0.01 to 10 μs. The number of electroporated pollen grains increased with the strength and duration of the voltage pulses, and with the osmolarity of the external medium. Optimal results were obtained with pulses of 1000 V/cm and 10 μs time constant, and with 900 mM mannitol in the electroporation buffer. The size of the pores produced in the plasma membrane by electroporation allowed uptake of 40 kDa dextran but not 70 kDa dextran. The rate of germination of pollen grains was low immediately after electroporation, but increased with time in pollen growth medium. The conditions of electroporation reported here may be used to load genetic material into pollen grains for the production of transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Allergens ; Allergy ; Betula pendula ; Immunolabelling ; Pollen grains ; Tapetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Although intact pollen grains are assumed to be the primary carrier of pollen allergens, specific immunoreactive components have been found in other aerosol fractions, e.g., starch grains and remains of tapetal cells Cryo-scanning-electron-microscopy results demonstrate the presence of a clear network of strands connecting the tapetum with the microspores. The distribution of protein in tapetal orbicules, pollen wall, and pollen cytoplasm was tested by histochemical stains for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The protein is mainly localized at the apertures and starch grains in the cytoplasm of pollen and in the core and on the surface of tapetal orbicules. Monoclonal antibodies Bv-10, BIP3, and BIP4 have been used to locate the cellular sites of pollen and tapetal allergens inBetula pendula (syn.B. verrucosa). The application of rapid-freeze fixation prevented relocation of allergens from their native sites. The allergens are predominantly found in the starch grains and to lesser extent in the exine. We also tested interactions between mature birch pollen and human fluids: saliva, nostrils fluid, and eyes solution. The aim was to mimic more closely the in vivo situation during allergenic response. In all cases we observed several pollen grains that were burst and had released their cytoplasmic contents. In the nose the allergens are released from the pollen within minutes. In rhinitis, nasal pH is increased from the normal pH 6.0 to 8.0. When we used nasal fluid at pH 8.0, the number of ruptured pollen grains increased. The mechanism that might induce formation of small allergen-bearing particles from living plant cells is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 2569-2571 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbodiimide, silyl ; Structure ; Precursor ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of the First Oligomeric Cyclic Dimethylsilyl-Substituted CarbodiimideNew oligomeric cyclic silylcarbodiimides 1-3 are synthesised by the reaction of the respective dichlorosilanes with cyanamide. From the resulting reaction mixture with dichloro-dimethylsilane the tetrameric compound of the hypothetical [(CH3)2Si=N-CN] is isolated. In this molecule sixteen atoms build a nearly planar ring structure with a special steric arrangement of the groups. This oligomeric silylcarbodiimides present a new kind of precursors for the pyrolytic synthesis of ceramics in the ternary system SiCN.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,1,3,3 - Tetrakis(dimethylamino) - 1λ5,3λ5 - diphosphete, 1, reacts with cyanoformic acid methyl ester to form two isomers of the title compound 2. Properties, NMR, mass, and IR spectra of 2, as well as the molecular and crystal structure of the E isomer of 2, are described and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 104 (1992), S. 325-327 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1357-1363 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: (Me2SiNCN)4 ; Me3SiNCNSiMe3 ; X-Ray ; NMR ; IR ; Raman ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Me2SiNCN)4 (1) and Me3SiNCNSiMe3 (2)Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (NMR, IR, Raman and MS) and crystal structure of the novel compound 1 are described. The molecules form almost planar 16 membered rings with four SiMe2-groups connected to four NCN groups. The corresponding compound 2 exhibits a phase transition from the HT phase 2a to the LT phase 2b at 131 K. Consecutive X-ray structure determinations of the molecular structures of both modifications were performed on a crystal, grown in situ on the diffractometer at 231 K.
    Notes: Für die neuartige Verbindung 1 werden Synthese, spektroskopische Charakterisierung (NMR, IR, Raman und MS) und die Kristallstruktur beschrieben. Das Molekül besteht aus einem nahezu planaren 16gliedrigen Ring, in dem vier SiMe2-Gruppen mit vier NCN-Gruppen verknüpft sind. Die Vergleichsverbindung 2 zeigt eine Phasenumwandlung von der HT-Phase 2a in die TT-Phase 2b bei 131 K. Die Molekülstrukturen beider Modifikationen wurden nacheinander durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse an einem in situ bei 231 K auf dem Diffraktometer gezüchteten Kristall bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 31 (1992), S. 301-303 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 20 (1887), S. 2918-2928 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: Elevations in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) constitute a fundamental signal transduction mechanism in eukaryotic cells, but the molecular identity of Ca(2+) channels initiating this signal in plants is still under debate. Here, we show by pharmacology and loss-of-function mutants that in tobacco and Arabidopsis, glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) facilitate Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane, modulate apical [Ca(2+)](cyt) gradient, and consequently affect pollen tube growth and morphogenesis. Additionally, wild-type pollen tubes grown in pistils of knock-out mutants for serine-racemase (SR1) displayed growth defects consistent with a decrease in GLR activity. Our findings reveal a novel plant signaling mechanism between male gametophyte and pistil tissue similar to amino acid-mediated communication commonly observed in animal nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michard, Erwan -- Lima, Pedro T -- Borges, Filipe -- Silva, Ana Catarina -- Portes, Maria Teresa -- Carvalho, Joao E -- Gilliham, Matthew -- Liu, Lai-Hua -- Obermeyer, Gerhard -- Feijo, Jose A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):434-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1201101. Epub 2011 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology ; Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Flowers/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant/*genetics ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Morphogenesis/drug effects ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Pollen Tube/drug effects/growth & development/*metabolism ; Racemases and Epimerases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/*genetics/metabolism ; Serine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tobacco/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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