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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of dinitroxyl crown ether biradical with indole groups in the side chains (1996)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 45 (1996), S. 875-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: dinitroxyl crown ether biradical ; X-ray structural study ; ESR spectroscopy ; Ca2+ ion transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dinitroxyl crown ether biradical, 4,13-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-oxylo1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carbol-9-yl)propyl]-1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazacyclooctadecane, was synthesized and studied by X-ray structural analysis and ESR spectroscopy. The ESR spectra in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions show a triplet with a N = 1.65±0.05 mT. This triplet is retained in the presence of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ ions. On addition of Ca2+ ions, the triplet is transformed into the quintet because of the change in the conformation of the crown ether biradical and decrease in the distance between the nitroxyl groups. The new crown ether biradicdl containing hydrophobic indole groups may be used for studying the mechanism of Ca2+ ion transport in biomembranes by ESR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01431316
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    A synthesis theory for self-oscillating adaptive systems /SOAS/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A quantitative synthesis theory is presented for the Self-Oscillating Adaptive System (SOAS), whose nonlinear element has a static, odd character with hard saturation. The synthesis theory is based upon the quasilinear properties of the SOAS to forced inputs, which permits the extension of quantitative linear feedback theory to the SOAS. A reasonable definition of optimum design is shown to be the minimization of the limit cycle frequency. The great advantages of the SOAS is its zero sensitivity to pure gain changes. However, quasilinearity and control of the limit cycle amplitude at the system output, impose additional constraints which partially or completely cancel this advantage, depending on the numerical values of the design parameters. By means of narrow-band filtering, an additional factor is introduced which permits trade-off between filter complexity and limit cycle frequency minimization.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS
    Type: Automatica; 10; July 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A synthesis theory for the externally excited adaptive system /EEAS/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The externally excited adaptive system (EEAS) is a two-degree-of-freedom feedback system with a nonlinearity which is saturated hard by an external periodic signal. Under certain conditions, the EEAS responds quasi-linearly to command and plant disturbance signals, permitting the development of a quantitative synthesis theory for satisfying system tolerances despite large plant uncertainty. The great advantage of the EEAS is its zero sensitivity to plant gain variations, a property it shares with the self-oscillating adaptive system (SOAS). The EEAS is, however, more flexible than the SOAS in satisfying the quasi-linearity constraints. The essential difference is that in the EEAS the loop transmission bandwidth is not rigorously tied to the 'carrier' signal, as it is in the SOAS. There is a class of problems for which the EEAS is superior to the purely linear system, which in turn is superior to the SOAS. The superiority of the EEAS over the SOAS is especially marked in the case of significant plant disturbances, which generally vitiate a SOAS design.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control; AC-19; Apr. 197
    Format: text
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