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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Many bacterial pathogens encode a multisubunit toxin, termed cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), that induces cell cycle arrest, cytoplasm distention, and, eventually, chromatin fragmentation and cell death. In one such pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, one of the subunits of this toxin, CdtB, was shown to exhibit features of type I deoxyribonucleases. Transient expression of this subunit in cultured cells caused marked chromatin disruption. Microinjection of low amounts of CdtB induced cytoplasmic distention and cell cycle arrest. CdtB mutants with substitutions in residues equivalent to those required for catalysis or magnesium binding in type I deoxyribonucleases did not cause chromatin disruption. CDT holotoxin containing these mutant forms of CdtB did not induce morphological changes or cell cycle arrest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lara-Tejero, M -- Galan, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):354-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/*toxicity ; COS Cells ; *Campylobacter jejuni/genetics/pathogenicity ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; Deoxyribonuclease I/chemistry/*metabolism ; *G2 Phase ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-09
    Description: The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila modulates the activity of host GTPases to direct the transport and assembly of the membrane-bound compartment in which it resides. In vitro studies have indicated that the Legionella protein DrrA post-translationally modifies the GTPase Rab1 by a process called AMPylation. Here we used mass spectrometry to investigate post-translational modifications to Rab1 that occur during infection of host cells by Legionella. Consistent with in vitro studies, DrrA-mediated AMPylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in the switch II region of Rab1 was detected during infection. In addition, a modification to an adjacent serine residue in Rab1 was discovered, which was independent of DrrA. The Legionella effector protein AnkX was required for this modification. Biochemical studies determined that AnkX directly mediates the covalent attachment of a phosphocholine moiety to Rab1. This phosphocholine transferase activity used CDP-choline as a substrate and required a conserved histidine residue located in the FIC domain of the AnkX protein. During infection, AnkX modified both Rab1 and Rab35, which explains how this protein modulates membrane transport through both the endocytic and exocytic pathways of the host cell. Thus, phosphocholination of Rab GTPases represents a mechanism by which bacterial FIC-domain-containing proteins can alter host-cell functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206611/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206611/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukherjee, Shaeri -- Liu, Xiaoyun -- Arasaki, Kohei -- McDonough, Justin -- Galan, Jorge E -- Roy, Craig R -- F32 AI082927/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041699/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041699-16/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064559-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI048770/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI064559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54-AI057158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 7;477(7362):103-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21822290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*physiology ; Humans ; Legionella pneumophila/*enzymology ; Legionnaires' Disease/*enzymology/physiopathology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium triggers host cell signaling pathways that lead to cytoskeletal and nuclear responses required for pathogenesis. Here, the role of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein CDC42Hs in these responses was examined. Expression of a dominant interfering mutant of CDC42 (CDC42HsN17) prevented S. typhimurium-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequent macropinocytosis and bacterial internalization into host cells. Cells expressing constitutively active CDC42 (CDC42HsV12) internalized an S. typhimurium mutant unable to trigger host cell responses. Furthermore, expression of CDC42HsN17 prevented S. typhimurium-induced JNK kinase activation. These results indicate that CDC42 is required for bacterial invasion and induction of nuclear responses in host cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L M -- Hobbie, S -- Galan, J E -- GM52543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/*ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Pinocytosis ; Salmonella typhimurium/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: Unlike other Salmonellae, the intracellular bacterial human pathogen Salmonella Typhi exhibits strict host specificity. The molecular bases for this restriction are unknown. Here we found that the expression of a single type III secretion system effector protein from broad-host Salmonella Typhimurium allowed Salmonella Typhi to survive and replicate within macrophages and tissues from mice, a nonpermissive host. This effector proteolytically targeted Rab32, which controls traffic to lysosome-related organelles in conjunction with components of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complexes (BLOCs). RNA interference-mediated depletion of Rab32 or of an essential component of a BLOC complex was sufficient to allow S. Typhi to survive within mouse macrophages. Furthermore, S. Typhi was able to survive in macrophages from mice defective in BLOC components.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693731/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693731/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spano, Stefania -- Galan, Jorge E -- AI055472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI079022/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079022/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):960-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1229224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23162001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Secretion Systems/genetics/*physiology ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA Interference ; Salmonella typhi/genetics/*physiology ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/classification/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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