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  • 1
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    Comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments (2020)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kalra, T. S., Li, X., Warner, J. C., Geyer, W. R., & Wu, H. Comparison of physical to numerical mixing with different tracer advection schemes in estuarine environments. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(10), (2019): 338, doi: 10.3390/jmse7100338.
    Description: The numerical simulation of estuarine dynamics requires accurate prediction for the transport of tracers, such as temperature and salinity. During the simulation of these processes, all the numerical models introduce two kinds of tracer mixing: (1) by parameterizing the tracer eddy diffusivity through turbulence models leading to a source of physical mixing and (2) discretization of the tracer advection term that leads to numerical mixing. Physical and numerical mixing both vary with the choice of horizontal advection schemes, grid resolution, and time step. By simulating four idealized cases, this study compares the physical and numerical mixing for three different tracer advection schemes. Idealized domains only involving physical and numerical mixing are used to verify the implementation of mixing terms by equating them to total tracer variance. Among the three horizontal advection schemes, the scheme that causes the least numerical mixing while maintaining a sharp front also results in larger physical mixing. Instantaneous spatial comparison of mixing components shows that physical mixing is dominant in regions of large vertical gradients, while numerical mixing dominates at sharp fronts that contain large horizontal tracer gradients. In the case of estuaries, numerical mixing might locally dominate over physical mixing; however, the amount of volume integrated numerical mixing through the domain compared to integrated physical mixing remains relatively small for this particular modeling system.
    Description: This study was funded through the Coastal Model Applications and Field Measurements Project and the Cross-shore and Inlets Project, US Geological Survey Coastal Marine Hazards and Resources Program.
    Keywords: Physical mixing ; Numerical mixing ; Advection schemes ; Estuarine mixing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Modeling of barrier breaching during hurricanes Sandy and Matthew (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Hegermiller, C. A., Warner, J. C., Olabarrieta, M., Sherwood, C. R., & Kalra, T. S. Modeling of barrier breaching during hurricanes Sandy and Matthew. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127(3), (2022): e2021JF006307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006307.
    Description: Physical processes driving barrier island change during storms are important to understand to mitigate coastal hazards and to evaluate conceptual models for barrier evolution. Spatial variations in barrier island topography, landcover characteristics, and nearshore and back-barrier hydrodynamics can yield complex morphological change that requires models of increasing resolution and physical complexity to predict. Using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system, we investigated two barrier island breaches that occurred on Fire Island, NY during Hurricane Sandy (2012) and at Matanzas, FL during Hurricane Matthew (2016). The model employed a recently implemented infragravity (IG) wave driver to represent the important effects of IG waves on nearshore water levels and sediment transport. The model simulated breaching and other changes with good skill at both locations, resolving differences in the processes and evolution. The breach simulated at Fire Island was 250 m west of the observed breach, whereas the breach simulated at Matanzas was within 100 m of the observed breach. Implementation of the vegetation module of COAWST to allow three-dimensional drag over dune vegetation at Fire Island improved model skill by decreasing flows across the back-barrier, as opposed to varying bottom roughness that did not positively alter model response. Analysis of breach processes at Matanzas indicated that both far-field and local hydrodynamics influenced breach creation and evolution, including remotely generated waves and surge, but also surge propagation through back-barrier waterways. This work underscores the importance of resolving the complexity of nearshore and back-barrier systems when predicting barrier island change during extreme events.
    Description: C. A. Hegermiller is grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program for support. This project was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Office of Naval Research, Increasing the Fidelity of Morphological Storm Impact Predictions Project. M. Olabarrieta acknowledges support from the NSF project OCE-1554892.
    Description: 2022-07-26
    Keywords: Breach ; Barrier island ; Hurricane
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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