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  • Scolytus multistriatus  (6)
  • Black-tailed deer  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical attractants for the smaller european elm bark beetleScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: aggregation pheromone ; α-cubebene ; 2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6 ; 8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ; Dutch elm disease ; elm bark beetle ; insect attractant ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; multilure ; multistriatin ; Scolytus multistriatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The secondary attractant for the smaller European elm bark beetleScolytus multistriatus is a mixture of three compounds: (-)4-methyl-3-heptanol(I); 2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1) octane (II); and (−)α-cubebene (III). The novel structure assigned to compound II was confirmed by synthesis. All three compounds were isolated from the volatile compounds collected on Porapak Q by aerating elm bolts infested with virgin female beetles. The GLC fractionations were monitored by two laboratory bioassays. Individually, each compound was inactive in the laboratory bioassays, but a mixture of all three showed activity nearly equivalent to that of the of the original Porapak extract. A mixture of synthetic I and II plus natural III (from cubeb oil) was highly attractive to beetles in preliminary field tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to isomers and components of its pheromone (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; bioassay ; aggregating pheromone ; isomers ; enantiomers ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; α-multistriatin ; α-cubebene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory bioassays (two methods) and field tests demonstrated synergistic action of the three components [(−)-4-methyl-3-heptanol (I); (−)-2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6,8-dioxabicylo[3.2.1]octane (α-multistriatin) (II); and (−)-α-cubebene (III)] of the pheromone bouquet ofScolytus multistriatus. Individually and in pairs the components were slightly attractive; I+II was clearly the most active doublet. Indirect evidence indicates that only one of the four enantiomers of I is active. Of the α, β, γ and δ isomers of II, only the α is active. With the addition of compound I, slightly attractive extract from mated females became nearly as active as extract from virgin females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988129
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “deer lactone” (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; “deer lactone” ; discrimination ; enantiomers ; (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; lactone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Urine of the black-tailed deer is the source of the “deer lactone,” which is deposited on the tarsal gland tufts by “rub-urination.” The enantiomer composition of the lactone from the urine of the female is 89(R)-(−)/11(S)-(+). Responses by deer were strongest toward the synthetic racemic lactone in the social test and toward the natural lactone in the choice test. In both tests, the (−)- lactone released slightly stronger responses than its enantiomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988059
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of enantiomer composition of several bicyclic ketal insect pheromone components (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 27-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; multistriatin ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Scolytus multistriatus ; enantiomeric composition ; optical purity ; chiral shift reagent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination by a chiral shift reagent of enantiomer compositions of several bark beetle pheromone components, which are bicyclic ketals. The procedure was carried out on three samples in the range of 200 micrograms. For one sample, the determination was achieved at the level of 5 micrograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation attractant of the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 429-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; European Elm Bark beetle ; Scolytidae ; Dutch elm disease ; aggregation peromone ; kairomone ; aggregation attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three components of theScolytus Multistriatus aggregation attractant-4-methyl-3-heptanol (1), α-multistriatin (2), and α-cubebene (3)-were collected from beetles and elm wood by aeration, solvent extraction of host tissue, or solvent extraction of beetles and beetle parts. Bioassays and analysis of extracts demonstrated that (a) compounds 1 and 2 are produced by virgin females and 3 is host-produced, (b) cessation of the production of 1 is coincident with diminished attractiveness of females after they have been joined by males, (c) the release of 3 from elm wood is augmented by attacking beetles, and (d) the level of 3 is related to the condition of the wood, and fungal growth (particularlyceratocystis ulmi) may lead to increased levels of 3. Compound 1 was concentrated in the upper abdominal area and 2 in the abdomen tips, but neither component was in the hindgut. A gland opening through the vaginal palpi (a pair of sclerotized conical structures) was circumstantially associated with the release of 2. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 are regulatory agents that contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the beetle-elm-microorganism biosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988186
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to a mammalian pheromone and its geometric isomer (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; geometric isomers ; (E) and (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone ; mammals ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromones ; stereoisomers ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) discriminate between the geometric isomers of a lactone used as a pheromone by the species. They react strongly to (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodeceonic acid lactone, which occurs in their tarsal scent, but the response to theE isomer did not differ from the response to the solvent. The isomers were applied to one member of a group of freely interacting deer, and the sniffing, licking, and following responses were recorded. The synthesis of the geometric isomers of the lactone is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988284
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collection on Porapak Q of the aggregation pheromone ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: aggregation pheromone ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Porapak ; Ulmus ; elm bark beetle ; volatile attractants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The attractive volatiles in the air around the virgin female of the smaller European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), tunneling in elm logs can be collected by passing the air through a column of Porapak Q. These volatiles can be removed from the Porapak by Soxhlet extraction with hexane, yielding an extract that is attractive to in-flight beetles in the field. GLC analyses of this extract and an extract of virgin female frass indicate that the aeration extract contains active chemicals that are not in the extract of frass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 307-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Gnathotrichus sulcatus ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae ; Ips pini Idaho ; enantiomeric composition ; seudenol ; sulcatol ; trans-verbenol ; chiral shift reagents ; 4-methyl-3-heptonal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols. The two methods used in the determination were: formation of the derivative with (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and the use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The five alcohols studied and their enantiomeric compositions are: sulcatol fromGnathotrichus sulcatus 65∶35 (+)/(−),trans-verbenol fromDendroctonus frontalis 60∶40 (+)/(−), 4-methyl-3-heptanol fromScolytus multistriatus 100% (−), seudenol fromDendroctonus pseudotsugae 50∶50 (+)/(−), and ipsdienol fromIps pini (Idaho) 100% (−). Determinations were done on 50–500 μg substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988280
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