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  • Nonlinear internal waves  (2)
  • Black Sea  (1)
  • Delay coordinate embedding  (1)
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Decay and return of internal solitary waves with rotation (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Institute of Physics for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Physics of Fluids 19 (2007): 026601, doi:10.1063/1.2472509.
    Description: The effect of rotation on the propagation of internal solitary waves is examined. Wave evolution is followed using a new rotating extension of a fully-nonlinear, weakly nonhydrostatic theory for waves in a two-layer system. When a solitary wave solution of the non-rotating equations is used as the initial condition the wave initially decays by radiation of longer inertia-gravity waves. The radiated inertia-gravity wave always steepens, leading to the formation a secondary solitary-like wave. This decay and re-emergence process then repeats. Eventually a nearly localized wavepacket emerges. It consists of a longwave envelope and shorter, faster solitary-like waves that propagate through the envelope. The radiation from this mature state is very weak, leading to a robust, long-lived structure that may contain as much as 50% of the energy in the initial solitary wave. Interacting packets may either pass through one another, or merge to form a longer packet. The packets appear to be modulated, fully-nonlinear versions of the steadily translating quasi-cnoidal waves.
    Description: This work was supported by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Mellon Independent Study Award and ONR Grant N000140610798.
    Keywords: Nonlinear internal waves ; Solitary waves ; Rotation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Whales and waves : humpback whale foraging response and the shoaling of internal waves at Stellwagen Bank (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 2555–2570, doi:10.1002/2014JC010564.
    Description: We tested the hypothesis that humpback whales aggregate at the southern flank of Stellwagen Bank (SB) in response to internal waves (IWs) generated semidiurnally at Race Point (RP) channel because of the presence of their preferred prey, planktivorous fish, which in turn respond to zooplankton concentrated by the predictable IWs. Analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images indicates that RP IWs approach the southern flank of SB frequently (∼62% of the images). Published reports of whale sighting data and archived SAR images point to a coarse spatial coincidence between whales and Race Point IWs at SB's southern flank. The responses of whales to IWs were evaluated via sightings and behavior of humpback whales, and IWs were observed in situ by acoustic backscatter and temperature measurements. Modeling of IWs complemented the observations, and results indicate a change of ∼0.4 m/s in current velocity, and ∼1.5 Pa in dynamic pressure near the bottom, which may be sufficient for bottom fish to detect the IWs. However, fish were rare in our acoustic observations, and fish response to the IWs could not be evaluated. RP IWs do not represent the leading edge of the internal tide, and they may have less mass-transport potential than typical coastal IWs. There was large interannual variability in whale sightings at SB's southern flank, with decreases in both numbers of sightings and proportion of sightings where feeding was observed from 2008 to 2013. Coincidence of whales and IWs was inconsistent, and results do not support the hypothesis.
    Description: We would also like to acknowledge funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant (Woods Hole), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the ESA, and the German Aerospace Center.
    Description: 2015-10-02
    Keywords: Humpback whales ; Nonlinear internal waves ; Shallow temperate bank ; Ecological hotspots
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Testing the physical oceanographic implications of the suggested sudden Black Sea infill 8400 years ago (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 19 (2004): PA1024, doi:10.1029/2003PA000903.
    Description: We apply a shock-capturing numerical model based on the single-layer shallow water equations to an idealized geometry of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in order to test the implications of a suggested sudden Black Sea infill 8400 years ago. The model resolves the two-dimensional flow upstream and downstream of the hydraulic jump provoked by the cascade of water from the Sea of Marmara into the Black Sea, which would occur during a sudden Black Sea infill. The modeled flow downstream of the hydraulic jump in the Black Sea would consist of a jet that is in part constrained by bathymetric contours. Guided by the Bosporus Canyon, the modeled jet reaches depths of up to 2000 m and could explain the origin of the sediment waves observed at this depth. At a late stage of the infill the modeled jet is attached to the coast and might account for the course of a submerged channel at the mouth of the Bosporus. The preservation of continuous barrier-washover-lagoonal fill systems occurring on the Black Sea shelf is, however, not easily reconcilable with the large flows over the southwest Black Sea shelf predicted by the model. Intensified flow in the upstream basin (Sea of Marmara) is restricted to the immediate vicinity of the Bosporus, suggesting that a sudden reconnection need not have disturbed sediments in the wider Sea of Marmara.
    Description: L. Pratt and K. Helfrich were supported under O.N.R. grant N00014-010100167 and N.S.F. grant OCE-0132903. L. Giosan was supported by a postdoctoral scholarship grant from CICOR (a Joint Institute of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NOAA).
    Keywords: Black Sea ; Flood hypothesis ; Dam break
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Estimating the predictability of an oceanic time series using linear and nonlinear methods (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C08002, doi:10.1029/2003JC002148.
    Description: This study establishes a series of tests to examine the relative utility of nonlinear time series analysis for oceanic data. The performance of linear autoregressive models and nonlinear delay coordinate embedding methods are compared for three numerical and two observational data sets. The two observational data sets are (1) an hourly near-bottom pressure time series from the South Atlantic Bight and (2) an hourly current-meter time series from the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). The nonlinear methods give significantly better predictions than the linear methods when the underlying dynamics have low dimensionality. When the dimensionality is high, the utility of nonlinear methods is limited by the length and quality of the time series. On the application side we mainly focus on the MAB data set. We find that the slope velocities are much less predictable than shelf velocities. Predictability on the slope after several hours is no better than the statistical mean. On the other hand, significant predictability of shelf velocities can be obtained for up to at least 12 hours.
    Description: This research was supported by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-01-1-0260, N00014-92-J-1481, and N10014-99-1-0258.
    Keywords: Predictability ; Delay coordinate embedding ; Shelf break
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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