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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (19)
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Keywords
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (19)
  • Chemistry  (19)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a chemostat in which two organisms compete for a common substrate (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 1375-1386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When two organisms compete for a given substrate without preying on one another, the possible steady states depend on the relative disposition of the two growth curves and the position of the point (Z,θ), whose coordinates are the nutrient feed concentration and dilution rate. It is shown how the stability of each steady state can be understood and qualitative phase portraits can be drawn for each of the 31 distinct types of situations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical model for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of carbohydrates by Thermomonospora sp. Grown on glucose, cellobiose, and cellulose (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1325-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermomonospora sp. was grown on glucose, cellobiose, and in order to study its growth characteristics with different carbohydrate substrates and to assess the validity of some of the assumptions made in a previously proposed model for the cellulose fermentation with this microorganism. It was observed that the nitrogen and protein contents of the cells are essentially constant during the fermentation and independent of the carbon source when glucose or cellobiose are utilized. Under oxygen starvation conditions it was shown that unidentification organic compound(s) accumulate(s) in the culture broth. Culture fluorescence was shown to be an excellent variable for monitoring and control of the fermentation process. This microorganism showed a preference for crystalline cellulose (Avicel) as substrate although it grows readily on a more amorphous cellulose (Solka Floc). The production of extra cellular protein is shown to be growth related. Data were obtained confirming the decrease in the number of active adsorption sites as the cause for the decrease in the cellulose digestion rate. It is suggested that a future model should account for the time change of surface characteristics of the cellulose particles.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of cellulases by Thermomonospora sp. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1339-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucose, cellulose, Avicel, and Solka Floc were utilized as substrates for growth of Thermomonospora sp in order to study the induction-repression characteristics of its associated cellulase system. While glucose proved to be an effective repressor of the cellulase enzymes, the other three substrates induced relatively high levels of enzyme activity as measured by the filter paper assay. On a unit cell mass basis the highest values of cellulase activity were obtained when Avicel was utilized as the carbon and energy source. The nature of the cellulosic material and its initial concentration were identified as two very important parameters of the induction process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230613
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic characterization of the extracellular xylanases of Thermomonospora sp. (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 832-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study deals with characterizing the extracellular xylanases produced by a strain of the thermophilic bacterial genus Thermomonospora. Supernatant from centrifuged fermentation broth was used as a crude enzyme preparation. From pH 5.5 to pH 7.7 the temperature optimum based on a 10-min assay of activity was 80°C. The crude enzyme had a half-life of approximately 1 month when stored at 55°C at pH 6.5. The enzyme produced a mixture of xylose oligomers from xylan, with xylobiose occuring in greatest quantity on a molar basis. Only trace quantities of xylose were produced by this hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270612
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The β-xylosidase of Thermomonospora (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 909-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study is concerned with characterizing cell-bound inducible β-xylosidase produced by a strain of the thermophilic bacterial genus Thermomonospora. A crude preparation of this enzyme recovered from sonicated cells of this organism displayed high activity against paranitrophenyl-β-xylopyranoside over a pH range of 5.5-7.7. The temperature optimum, based on a 30-min assay of activity, at pH 6.5 was 70°C. The crude enzyme had a thermal half-life of approximately 1 week at 55°C and pH 6.5. Xylose inhibited the enzyme. Values of Km and Vmax are estimated from the reaction rate data as 0.82 mM and 8 U/L, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270626
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy requirements for the size reduction of poplar and aspen wood (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The energy requirements associated with conventional mechanical size reduction of poplar and aspen wood are compared to a new method of size reduction employing a wood planer. Although the planer requires about 2.3 times less energy to achieve the same size reduction as conventional methods, large-scale equipment to implement this approach does not currently exist. Explosive depressurization was also compared to conventional mechanical size reduction. The conventional mechanical methods require roughly 70% more energy to achieve the same size reduction as explosive depressurization. Thus, explosive depressurization appears to be the preferred method and has the added benefit of altering the chemical structure of the wood to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose fraction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of equipment scale and degree of mixing on continuous fermentation yield at low dilution rates (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously, the degree of mixing was not felt to be an important consideration in fermentor design. In this study on the continuous propagation of Baker's yeast, it was found that at low dilution rates, i.e., 0.02hr-1, the degree of mixing achieved does effect the cell yield. At low dilution rates, appreciable quantities of sugar can be utilized for endogenous respiration in comparison to that utilized for making cell mass. Poor distribution of the sugar aggravates the balance of sugar utilized for each process. Yields at these low dilution rates can be improved to a limited extent by using a multiple feed-distribution system and better mixing.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth models of cultures with two liquid phases. I. Substrate dissolved in dispersed phase (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 449-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models which can be used to describe batch growth in fermentations with two liquid phases are developed for systems in which the growth limiting substrate is dissolved the dispersed liquid phase. In the models, the possibilities of growth occurring at the surface of the dispersed phase and in the continuous phase are considered. It is assumed that the composition of the dispersed phase is such that substrate utilization from it causes little of no change, in interfacial area. Three special cases are examined. In the first, it is assumed that all growth occurs at the surface of the dispersed phase. In the second and third, it is assumed that growth occurs both at the interface and in the continuous phase. The second case assumes that substrate equilibrium is continuously established between the two phases while the third assumes substrate consumption in the continuous phase is limited by rate of transport of substrate to that phase. Comparison of the first model with available experimental data shows good agreement between model and data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110316
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth models of cultures with two liquid phases. III. Continuous cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 489-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some mathematical models, which have been used to describe batch growth in fermentations with two liquid phases present, are used to predict the behavior of continuous fermentations in a chemostat. Two types of dispersed systems are considered in this investigation. In the first, type, it is assumed that the composition of the dispersed phase is such that, increased substrate utilization results in a decreased substrate concentration with no change in the interfacial area. In the second type of system, the dispersed phase is assumed to be pure substrate; therefore, the substrate concentration in the dispersed phase remains constant but the interfacial area is affected by changes in dilution rate. Three special cases are examined for each type of system in order to examine the effect of the interfacial area, the phase equilibrium constant, and the mass transfer coefficient on system performance. Comparison of two of the models with available experimental data shows fair agreement, between model and data.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110318
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