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  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance  (5)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (3)
  • Cyanide  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual hemoprotein capable of reversible binding of nitric oxide from the gram-positive Bacillus halodenitrificans (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 316-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: b-Type cytochrome ; Pyridine hemochromogen ; Photoreduction ; Cyanide ; CO, NO binding ; Fifth coordinate structure ; EPR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A green protein from the soluble extract of anaerobically grown Bacillus halodenitrificans cells was purified and determined by non-denaturing procedures or SDS-PAGE to have a molecular mass of 64 kDa. The pyridine hemochromogen was shown to be that of a b-type cytochrome prosthetic group that was soluble in ether. The protein contained 6.2mol protoheme per mol protein-1. Photoreduction of the native protein yielded a product with an electronic absorption spectrum retaining the 559 nm maximum and the 424-nm Soret band displayed in the dithionite-reduced sample. Incubation of a reduced sample in the presence of air failed to return it to the original oxidation state. Electronic spin was not affected by pH. The reduced but not the oxidized form of the cytochrome bound cyanide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide, providing spectra resembling those of cytochromes c′ from several sources. Addition of nitroprusside to the reduced protein yielded a spectrum similar to that of the NO reacted protein. Nitric oxide failed to reduce the green protein. The position of the Soret band in the spectrum of the nitric oxide derivative of the green protein suggested a fifth-coordinate nitrosylheme structure. EPR studies provided g values with the triplet spectral pattern consistent with a five-coordinate ferrous nitrosyl heme. Flushing of the NO-derivative with argon and overnight exposure to air returned the nitrosylheme to the ferric form, and EPR values confirmed the reversion. All these spectral characterizations are strikingly similar to those of soluble guanylate cyclase, including the observation that NO was reversibly bound to the protein. EPR spectra of whole cells also displayed the hyperfine lines typical of a nitrosyl-ferrous heme, accentuated when dithionite was added. In the absence of a definitive physiological role because of its unusual properties, the green protein was named a nitric oxide-binding protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263778
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual hemoprotein capable of reversible binding of nitric oxide from the gram-positive Bacillus halodenitrificans (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 316-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     b-Type cytochrome ; Pyridine ; hemochromogen ; Photoreduction ; Cyanide ; CO ; NO binding ; Fifth coordinate structure ; EPR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      A green protein from the soluble extract of anaerobically grown Bacillus halodenitrificans cells was purified and determined by non-denaturing procedures or SDS-PAGE to have a molecular mass of 64 kDa. The pyridine hemochromogen was shown to be that of a b-type cytochrome prosthetic group that was soluble in ether. The protein contained 6.2 mol protoheme per mol protein–1. Photoreduction of the native protein yielded a product with an electronic absorption spectrum retaining the 559-nm maximum and the 424-nm Soret band displayed in the dithionite-reduced sample. Incubation of a reduced sample in the presence of air failed to return it to the original oxidation state. Electronic spin was not affected by pH. The reduced but not the oxidized form of the cytochrome bound cyanide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide, providing spectra resembling those of cytochromes c′ from several sources. Addition of nitroprusside to the reduced protein yielded a spectrum similar to that of the NO reacted protein. Nitric oxide failed to reduce the green protein. The position of the Soret band in the spectrum of the nitric oxide derivative of the green protein suggested a fifth-coordinate nitrosylheme structure. EPR studies provided g values with the triplet spectral pattern consistent with a five-coordinate ferrous nitrosyl heme. Flushing of the NO-derivative with argon and overnight exposure to air returned the nitrosylheme to the ferric form, and EPR values confirmed the reversion. All these spectral characterizations are strikingly similar to those of soluble guanylate cyclase, including the observation that NO was reversibly bound to the protein. EPR spectra of whole cells also displayed the hyperfine lines typical of a nitrosyl-ferrous heme, accentuated when dithionite was added. In the absence of a definitive physiological role because of its unusual properties, the green protein was named a nitric oxide-binding protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050144
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial collagen synthesis by somatic testicular cells in culture (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 9 (1991), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Collagen ; extracellular matrix ; testicular cells ; long-term culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis, distribution and types of collagen produced by somatic testicular cells in culture was studied. To investigate whether changes in collagen synthesis correlate with the age of the animal, cultures derived from immature and pubertal rats were established. Immature rats synthesize 40 per cent more collagen than pubertal rats. Both groups of animals synthesize procollagen types I and III. Pro-collagen type I is present in the culture medium as well as in the cell fraction, while type III is only detected in the culture medium. In the transition from immature to pubertal rat, the ratio of procollagen type III to procollagen type I diminishes from 5·7 to 1·7. These results indicate that the synthesis, distribution and molecular characteristics of interstitial collagens changes with the age of the animal. Since, the content of other extracellular matrix components such as proteoglycans and collagen type IV also varies with age, we postulate that the composition of the extracellular matrix in the testes is not constant but changes with sexual development.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290090110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid by long-term cultures of testicular cells from immature and pubertal rats (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 7 (1989), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Proteoglycans ; Hyaluronic acid ; Testicular cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Long-term cultures of somatic testicular cells derived from immature and pubertal rats were used to study the synthesis of proteoglycans (PG) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Labelled PG and HA in the culture medium, membrane-associated and intracellular pools were characterized by gel fitration, ion exchange chromatography and selected enzymatic and chemical treatments. Somatic cells synthesize a PG containing both heparan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) chains and a PG containing only CS/DS chains. No major qualitative changes in the type of PG were observed in cells derived from immature and pubertal animals. However, significant age-dependent differences in the cell distribution pattern of PG and HA were determined. This may have implications in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290070408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary zone electrophoresis for the rapid screening of banned drugs in sport (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary zone electrophoresis was used to analyze some drugs illegally used in sports. The spectroscopic characteristics and electrophoresis migration parameters of diuretics, narcotics-analgesics and β-blockers were established. Analytical figures of merit including parameters on the precision of migration and limits of detection are discussed. Results for the separation of drugs of different doping families are discussed. An analysis of urine from a patient receiving daily dosis of atenolol is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150150141
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  • 6
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    STEREO Mission Design (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: STEREO (Solar-TErestrial RElations Observatory) is the third mission in the Solar Terrestrial Probes program (STP) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). STEREO is the first mission to utilize phasing loops and multiple lunar flybys to alter the trajectories of more than one satellite. This paper describes the launch computation methodology, the launch constraints, and the resulting nine launch windows that were prepared for STEREO. More details are provided for the window in late October 2006 that was actually used.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics; NASA/CP-2007-214158
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  • 7
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    STEREO Mission Design Implementation (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: STEREO (Solar-TErrestrial RElations Observatory) is the third mission in the Solar Terrestrial Probes program (STP) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate Sun-Earth Connection theme. This paper describes the successful implementation (lunar swingby targeting) of the mission following the first phasing orbit to deployment into the heliocentric mission orbits following the two lunar swingbys. The STEREO Project had to make some interesting trajectory decisions in order to exploit opportunities to image a bright comet and an unusual lunar transit across the Sun.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics; NASA/CP-2007-214158
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  • 8
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    Using Bond Graphs for Articulated, Flexible Multi-bodies, Sensors, Actuators, and Controllers with Application to the International Space Station (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Conceptually, modeling of flexible, multi-body systems involves a formulation as a set of time-dependent partial differential equations. However, for practical, engineering purposes, this modeling is usually done using the method of Finite Elements, which approximates the set of partial differential equations, thus generalizing the approach to all continuous media. This research investigates the links between the Bond Graph method and the classical methods used to develop system models and advocates the Bond Graph Methodology and current bond graph tools as alternate approaches that will lead to a quick and precise understanding of a flexible multi-body system under automatic control. For long endurance, complex spacecraft, because of articulation and mission evolution the model of the physical system may change frequently. So a method of automatic generation and regeneration of system models that does not lead to implicit equations, as does the Lagrange equation approach, is desirable. The bond graph method has been shown to be amenable to automatic generation of equations with appropriate consideration of causality. Indeed human-interactive software now exists that automatically generates both symbolic and numeric system models and evaluates causality as the user develops the model, e.g. the CAMP-G software package. In this paper the CAMP-G package is used to generate a bond graph model of the International Space Station (ISS) at an early stage in its assembly, Zvezda. The ISS is an ideal example because it is a collection of bodies that are articulated, many of which are highly flexible. Also many reaction jets are used to control translation and attitude, and many electric motors are used to articulate appendages, which consist of photovoltaic arrays and composite assemblies. The Zvezda bond graph model is compared to an existing model, which was generated by the NASA Johnson Space Center during the Verification and Analysis Cycle of Zvezda.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: 2003 Western NultiConference on Computer Simulation; Jan 19, 2003 - Jan 23, 2003; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 9
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    Tetrahedron Formation Control (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Spacecraft flying in tetrahedron formations are excellent instrument platforms for electromagnetic and plasma studies. A minimum of four spacecraft - to establish a volume - is required to study some of the key regions of a planetary magnetic field. The usefulness of the measurements recorded is strongly affected by the tetrahedron orbital evolution. This paper considers the preliminary development of a general optimization procedure for tetrahedron formation control. The maneuvers are assumed to be impulsive and a multi-stage optimization method is employed. The stages include targeting to a fixed tetrahedron orientation, rotating and translating the tetrahedron and/or varying the initial and final times. The number of impulsive maneuvers citn also be varied. As the impulse locations and times change, new arcs are computed using a differential corrections scheme that varies the impulse magnitudes and directions. The result is a continuous trajectory with velocity discontinuities. The velocity discontinuities are then used to formulate the cost function. Direct optimization techniques are employed. The procedure is applied to the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) to compute preliminary formation control fuel requirements.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Flight Dynamics Symposium; Oct 28, 2003 - Oct 30, 2003; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 10
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    A Direct Method for Fuel Optimal Maneuvers of Distributed Spacecraft in Multiple Flight Regimes (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present a method to solve the impulsive minimum fuel maneuver problem for a distributed set of spacecraft. We develop the method assuming a non-linear dynamics model and parameterize the problem to allow the method to be applicable to multiple flight regimes including low-Earth orbits, highly-elliptic orbits (HEO), Lagrange point orbits, and interplanetary trajectories. Furthermore, the approach is not limited by the inter-spacecraft separation distances and is applicable to both small formations as well as large constellations. Semianalytical derivatives are derived for the changes in the total AV with respect to changes in the independent variables. We also apply a set of constraints to ensure that the fuel expenditure is equalized over the spacecraft in formation. We conclude with several examples and present optimal maneuver sequences for both a HE0 and libration point formation.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AAS 05-158 , 15th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting; Jan 23, 2005 - Jan 27, 2005; Copper Mountain, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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