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  • Chemistry  (7)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of indole alkaloids by surface immobilized C. roseus cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 660-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A technique was developed to surface immobilize plant cells and was scaled up in laboratory size bioreactors. This technique was shown not to hinder the biosynthetic potential of Catharanthus roseus immobilized cells and to induce a partial release (300 μg/L) of serpentine into the culture medium contrary to suspension cultured cells. The release pattern seemed to follow the biosynthesis trends of the product. This release mechanism could be stimulated by a factor of 10 within 2 h by increasing the pH of the culture from 5.0 to 5.5.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface immobilization of plant cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel technique has been developed to immobilize plant cells. The cells are deposited on a surface of manmade fibrous material that provides for strong binding of the plant tissue biomass growing in the submerged culture. The immobilized plant cells remain fully viable. Relatively uniform biomass loadings of up to 20 mg d.w. plant cells/cm2 support material have been attained. All plant cells from the inoculum suspension became attached within the first 24-48 h depending on the support matrix configuration and hydraulic culture conditions. The advantages and scale-up potential of this technique are discussed and compared to other culturing modes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial production of amino acids. I. The synthesis of lysine and threonine by ustilago species (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of a number of Ustilago species, especially Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., to produce lysine and threonine was investigated. The organisms were grown in shake flasks or in 10-l. fermentors. Lysine and threonine were found to be excreted into the medium both in the free and bound form. The bound amino acids could be released by acid hydrolysis or by enzymes from autolyzed cells. The optimal conditions for the release by autolysis were, in the case of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., pH 4.3 and 45°C. An enzyme that could liberate lysine from the bound form(s) occurring in the broth was extracted from cells of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. It exhibited an apparent pH optimum near 4.0. The effect of pH and temperature during the growth phase on the yield of lysine and threonine was studied in 10-l. fermentations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial production of amino acids. II. The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and metal ions on growth of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. and on lysine and threonine production (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. to grow and to produce lysine and threonine was investigated in shake flask cultures. Growth and production of lysine and threonine increased markedly when aeration was increased. The optimal ratio of glucose to diammonium phosphate in the medium seemed to be approximately 10:1. Ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were readily used as nitrogen sources. Growth and amino acid production was poor on ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, trimethylamine, and betaine.U. maydis (DC.) Cda. was found to grow on a number of different carbohydrates. Besides D-glucose the organism could utilize D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, sucrose, maltose, and the polyalcoholes D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and i-inositol. Pectin, dextrin, and corn starch treated with α-amylase could also be used but not untreated corn starch or lactose, cellobiose, D-sedoheptulose, glycerol, or D-glucosamine. The formation of lysine and threonine was better with disaccharides and hexoses than with pentoses.No specific effects on the formation of lysine and threonine could be observed from changes in the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, or molybdenum. The requirement of metal ions for growth is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous phased culture - A technique for growing, analyzing, and using microbial cellsIssued as N.R.C. No. 10941. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 843-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous phased growth produces a culture in which most of the cells in the population are in the same stage of their development. The cell, thereby amplified by the size of the synchronous population, may be examined in the phased culture at any desired growth rate. Changes taking place in the cell after the cell cycle, i.e., post-cycle changes, may be examined by a modification of the procedure. Further systematic applications of the method permit a rational approach to problems of cell growth and metabolism.The phasing technique recognizes the cells as the fundamental unit for experimental investigation, and offers a great potential in the analysis of the cell throughout its cycle, a relatively unexploited field in cell physiology and fermentation. Experiments with yeasts and bacteria illustrate some of the applications and progress made so far.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of bioreactors for the culture of surface immobilized plant cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 702-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The scaleup of the technique of plant cell surface immobilization was performed successfully in specifically designed laboratory size bioreactors. The immobilizing matrix was formed into a vertically wound spiral providing for a high immobilizing area-to-volume ratio (0.8-1.2 cm-1). A modified airlift and a mechanically stirred vessel delivered a best bioreactor performance characterized by low biomass frothing and highly efficient plant cell attachment and retention (≥96%). The growth of Catharanthus roseus cells investigated in these bioreactors was found not to be mass transfer limited. It required mild mixing and aeration levels (kLa ∼ 10-15 h-1). The biomass formation pattern of surface immobilized plant cells generally exhibited a linear growth phase followed by a stationary phase characterized by the presence of residual carbohydrates in the medium, contrary to suspension cultures. This behavior was found to depend on the plant cell type and/or line cultured, as well as on the inoculum age. The space restriction and unidirectional growth of the SIPC biofilm combined with the limited availability of essential intracellular nutrients rapidly accumulated from the medium by the stationary phase inoculated plant cells all likely contributed to the culture behavior.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten und Entwicklungstendenzen auf dem Gebiet der Hochtemperatur-Legierungen (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Possible Trends and Developments in the Field of High Temperature Alloys. The continuing development of super-alloys that has for some 25 years allowed a steady increase in the operating-temperature of gas turbines is now closely approaching the limit set by the ultimate operating temperatures of the materials themselves. In order to increase these limits and thus ensure continued progress in this direction new alloys and new processes need to be developed.Possible means for the improvement of conventional super-alloys have been suggested such as: -new powder metallurgical processes-production of cast/forged thin section blades by the “Squeeze-Casting”-process-increasing the ductility of cast alloys by modifying the morphology of primary precipitates in the casting-increasing the working temperature by means of precipitates having increased dissolution temperatures.In connexion with this subject, the process of directional solidification, developed during the past 10 years, is briefly discussed with particular reference to its application in the production of columnar and single-crystal super-alloys and eutectic composite materials.The properties of directionally solidified super-alloys as well as directionally solidified eutectic composite materials are summarised in the light of present day knowledge.
    Notes: Die Entwicklung der Superlegierungen, die seit 25 Jahren eine stetige Erhöhung der Betriebstemperatur der Gasturbinen erlaubt, nähert sich in zunehmendem Maße der für diese Materialien oberen Temperaturgrenze. Neue Werkstoffe und neue Verfahren zu deren Herstellung müssen entwickelt werden, um die Temperaturgrenze der Hochtemperatur-Legierungen weiter zu erhöhen. Es wurden einige Möglichkeiten der Verbesserung der konventionellen Superlegierungen aufgezeigt wie: -neue pulvermetallurgische Verfahren-Herstellung von dünnwandigen Guß-Schmiedeteilen nach dem Squeeze-Casting-Verfahren-Erhöhung der Duktilität von Gußlegierungen durch Modifizieren der Schmelze bzw. der Primärausscheidungen-Erhöhung der Arbeitstemperatur durch Ausscheidungen mit erhöhter Lösungstemperatur.Im Anschluß daran werden die in den letzten zehn Jahren entwickelten Verfahren der gerichteten Erstarrung kurz diskutiert und deren Anwendung zur Herstellung von stengel- bzw. einkristallinen Superlegierungen und eutektischen Verbundwerkstoffen besprochen. Die Eigenschaften sowohl der gerichtet erstarrten Superlegierungen als auch der gerichtet erstarrten eutektischen Verbundwerkstoffen besprochen. Die Eigenschaften sowohl der gerichtet erstarrten Superlegierungen als auch der gerichtet erstarrten eutektischen Verbundwerkstoffe werden im Licht der heutigen Kenntnisse zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19720030405
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